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Flashcards to help Grade 12 Life Orientation students prepare for their CAT examination, covering topics such as stress management, conflict resolution, relationship communication, change, fitness, human rights, media, social responsibility, personal mission statements, work ethics, and exam preparation.
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What is the structure of Section A in the Life Orientation CAT?
Multiple-choice questions and short response questions are compulsory, testing understanding and factual knowledge with short, direct answers.
What does Section B of the Life Orientation CAT consist of?
Two 15-mark questions requiring direct responses in full sentences, demonstrating knowledge and skills related to real-life issues and problem-solving.
What is the structure of Section C in the Life Orientation CAT?
Two questions to be answered out of three 15-mark questions, focusing on the application of knowledge and skills to solve problems and give advice.
What is stress?
Stress is what we feel in situations we find difficult, challenging, or even frightening; when we feel we can't cope with the situation.
What is good stress (eustress)?
Stress that makes you ready for action as it gives you adrenaline and energy. E.g. When you have to stand in front of the class and speak.
What is bad stress (distress)?
If the stress is more than you can cope with, it is unhealthy. You may become ill, unhappy, and depressed.
What is a stressor?
Anything, event or person that causes or triggers stress.
Why is it important to manage stress?
Your body produces cortisol and adrenalin, which, if produced for too long, can damage your body and lead to chronic diseases like high blood pressure.
How to manage stress?
Meditation, exercise, healthy diet, avoiding caffeine, relaxation exercises, assertiveness training, coping skills, positive self-talk, taking breaks, building a social network, journaling, setting limits, and managing your environment.
Define Conflict
Disagreements, opposing viewpoints, or struggles for power between people.
What is Interpersonal conflict?
Happens between people
What is Intrapersonal conflict?
Happens within yourself
List conflict resolution skills
Be assertive, use I-statements, keep your feelings under control, do not accuse, accept compromise, move on, cool down, recognize the other person's point of view, respect the other person, and be willing to make peace.
What is the importance of relationship communication?
Positive communication leads to positive relationships. It's about understanding others and communicating our feelings, beliefs and attitudes to them.
How do you initiate and build relationships?
Try to remember the name of the person, so the next time you see them, they feel special because you remembered them. Be willing to share a little about yourself, but don't talk about yourself all the time. Avoid boasting or showing off. People don't like braggers.
Characteristics and qualities of positive relationships
Ability to communicate, ability to listen, sympathetic, unselfish, mutual respect, tolerant, caring/supporting, respect for others, ability to work in a team, understanding how others think, and ability to be yourself.
How does Personality influence effective communication?
You act, behave, and react and your attitudes all form part of your personality.
How do Attitudes and values influence effective communication?
If you think that only your ideas, beliefs and values are right and you do not show respect, you will not be a good listener and you will not allow others to freely express their views.
How does Acceptance of responsibilities influence effective communication?
Responsibility means you are accountable, do your duty and take responsibility for your actions.
How does Appropriate expression of views and feelings influence effective communication?
Appropriate expression of views and feelings mean that you say what you think and feel, but in a way that does not hurt or offend others.
How do you transition between school and post-school destination?
Plan, Talk to somebody you trust, Develop a positive attitude towards change, List the good effects of change, Give yourself time to adjust to change, Use your religion / belief system to guide you
What aspects should be included in a personal lifestyle plan?
Physical exercise, Outdoor recreation and relaxation, Avoid harmful substances, Promote healthy habits, Emotional health, Time management, Nutrition and weight management, Sleep, Abstain from having sex / safe sex, Cope with change, Stress management, Relationships and communication and Conflict resolution
What should the Surface area for physical fitness be?
Clear, not too hard/soft
What Clothing and footwear should be used for physical fitness?
comfortable, evaporation, shoes, cap/hat
What Spacing should be used for physical fitness?
move freely (one- to two-arm lengths apart)
List Low impact exercises
walking, hiking, swimming and seated workouts
List High impact exercises
running, hopping, jump rope
What are Warming up exercises?
gentle exercises (5-10 minute) for blood circulation and prepare body
What are Cooling down exercises?
gentle exercises to slow heartrate, regulate breathing and rest
What is Cardiovascular Endurance?
the ability of your heart and lungs to efficiently transport oxygen to exercising muscles (also referred to as aerobic fitness). Endurance is the ability to perform bouts of exercise or work without fatigue.
List Benefits of improving cardiovascular endurance
Weight management/Prevention of heart disease/Stronger bones/Improved ability to carry out daily tasks with alertness and vigor.
What is Flexibility?
the range of motion around a joint.
List Benefits of improving flexibility
Decreased muscle tension/Decreased sore muscles/The ability to move with greater ease
What is Muscular Endurance?
the ability of the muscle to repeatedly contract without fatigue.
What is Muscular Strength?
the maximum pulling force of a muscle against a resistance.
List Benefits of improving muscular endurance and strength
Prevention of muscular injury/Enhanced ability to perform physical skills in leisure activity and sports.
What is Agility?
the ability to perform a series of explosive power movements in rapid succession in opposing directions
What is Balance?
the ability to control the body's position, either stationary or while moving
What is Coordination?
the ability to combine balance and agility while moving
What is Power?
the ability to exert maximum muscular contraction instantly in an explosive burst of movement. The two components of power are strength and speed
What is Reaction Time?
the ability to respond to a stimulus in as short a time as possible
What is Speed?
the ability to cover distance or perform a motor skill as quickly as possible
What is BMI (Body Mass Index)?
Measure of your body composition
What is the Ideal range of BMI?
18.5 to 25
What is assessment?
continuous planned process of gathering information on achievement.
What does Formative assessment measure?
Helps you and your teacher work out how you are coping
What does Summative assessment measure?
Measures how you manage over a period of time.
Purpose of Assessment?
Increases motivation
What tasks does School-based assessment include?
Term tests, Projects and Investigations, Oral presentations, Practical Assessment Tasks and Examinations
Importance of obtaining the NSC?
It allows you to study at a Higher Education Institute/It is a basic requirement if you want to apply for a bursary/Most employers require a NSC as a basic requirement for many jobs
What are Study skills?
Tools used for study like flashcards, mind-maps, mnemonics, summaries
What are Study strategies?
Plans or methods for study like study plan, place, organisation
What are Study styles?
Particular of studying and learning
The SR3 method
Survey, Read, Recall and Review
What is a social stressor?
Social stressor, tend to raise a lot of emotions among learners and their parents, as some learners' commitment to further studies have not yet been finalised due to various challenges they may face.
How should you make a decision whether to study or work?
Based on your interests, strengths, weaknesses, skills abilities and personality and commit to it.
Why use a Job application?
Employers use job applications to ensure that they have consistent information for all candidates.
List Job Application Tips
Review Your Employment History/ Download a Sample Job Application /Follow the Instructions/Review Before You Submit
What acronymn is used to describe goals?
What do I want to achieve? /You must be able to measure if your make progress and achieve/ What do I need to achieve it? /You must be able to achieve it and must be willing to work towards achieving the goals/ You must set a time limit to achieve your goals
Scholarships/Merit Awards
performance-based
Bursaries
academic/sport/culture
What is NSFAS (National Student Financial Aid Scheme)?
loan converted to bursary
What is unemployment?
willing to work, ready for work and desperately wanting a job, but cannot get work because there are just not enough jobs around for everyone.
List What causes unemployment?
Jobs close down/Companies try to save cost by hiring fewer people/People do not have skills they need for market to find job/Corruption
Why is there Specific reasons for youth unemployment?
prefer employees who already have skills and experience to inexperienced and unskilled youth.
What is The effect or impact of unemployment?
lose self-esteem, self-respect, motivation and sense of purpose in life
What is Volunteering?
help others (humans, animals or the environment)
What is a Part-time job?
If you work for a short while or for part of a day or week
What is Community work?
do something to benefit your community or a community in need
What is Entrepreneurship?
see a need and provide a service or goods that people need
What are Informal jobs?
wash cars, do gardening, sell newspapers, make clothes, or sell fruit or sweets at the taxi rank or next to the school.
What is SARS (South African Revenue Services)?
When you earn a salary, part of your income is taxed
What is Impact of corruption and fraud on Individuals?
Increases the cost of public services
What is Impact of corruption and fraud on Companies?
Officials who accept bribes cannot be trusted
What is Impact of corruption and fraud on Communities?
People may think that the only way to access services, jobs and opportunities is through bribery
What is Impact of corruption and fraud on Country?
Service delivery will not be at its best, unemployment will increase, institutions will not develop, income generation through taxation will be harmed and donors and investors will put their money elsewhere.
What is Responsible citizenship?
be aware of respect and promote human rights
What is meant by human rights violation?
Interfering with a person's rights
What is meant by discrimination?
To treat unjustly, unfairly or unequally.
What is meant by campaign?
A planned series of actions to achieve an aim
List ways to show Participation against human rights violations
Discussions, Participation, Campaigns and Projects
Electronic media
that need electricity or batteries
Print media
books, newspapers, magazines, pamphlets, brochures, posters and billboards
Role of the media in a democracy?
Communicate and educate
CENSORSHIP
limited in a country so that the citizens only get some news or a certain version of the news
Freedom of expression
to express your ideas and opinions freely through speech, writing, and other forms of communication.
propaganda
spreading info to hurt/help
WHISTLE BLOWER
a person who reports illegal or immoral activities
The media can be evaluated according to
SA Press code
Sport coverage
is mainly MALE focused
Sport in traditional cultures
social/recreational activity and not seen as a way to make money
NATIONAL government responsibilities
broad policy, legislation, inter-provincial issues
PROVINCIAL government responsibilities
policy, legislation, services
LOCAL government responsibilities
services, by-laws
Social Justice / Social Equity
an action of redress that attempts to correct unequal access to basic services
mission statement
the purpose and aim of a business, company, or organisation
Personal mission statement
description about you and of your values, dreams, attitudes and goals
Values
Things that are important to you in your life."
Why is it important to have a mission statement?
control and structure or purpose to your life
Human factors
Factors contributed by human beings e.g. social, religious and cultural practices