UAMS Biochemistry Final Fall 2024, KAHOOT REVIEW

Hormone that helps regulate the stomach's production and secretion of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and gastric motility

Gastrin

PCO2 normal range is

35 - 44 mmHg

HCO3 normal range is

23 - 29 mmol/L

pH normal range is

7.35 - 7.45

>95% is the normal range for what blood gas measurement

Oxygen (O2) Saturation

Which of the following measurements is not included in blood gas panel?

pCO2

Total Protein

pO2

pH

Total Protein

Would the value of 37 mmol/L be normal for Total CO2 (venous)?

No, normal range is 22 - 33 mmol/L

Bicarbonate (HCO3-) normal range is

23 - 29 meq/L or mmol/L

Total Cholesterol equals

HDL + LDL + VLDL

Potassium has the exact same reference range as Creatinine

False.

Potassium (K): 3.5-5.1 mmol/L

Creatinine: 0.8-1.2 mg/dL

Normal range for Chloride is

98-107 mmol/L

35-44 mmHg is normal range for

pCO2 "partial pressure of carbon dioxide"

>80 mm/Hg is normal for

pO2 "partial pressure of oxygen"

BUN (Blood urea nitrogen) normal range is

8-20 mg/dL

Would haptoglobin result of 20 mg/dL be considered normal?

No, normal range is 30 - 200 mg/dL

Hgb A1C normal is

<5.7%

If a patients creatinine is 5.0 mg/dL, they are likely to have decreased kidney function.

True.

Creatinine normal range is 0.8-1.2 mg/dL

A potassium of 6.5 mmol/L indicates possible haemolysis.

True.

Potassium Normal Range is 3.5-5.1 meq/L or mmol/L

Rapid Osmolality Formula

Sodiumx2 + Glucose/18 + BUN/2.8

Rapid Anion Gap formula

(Na + K) - (Cl + HCO3)

Always verify Triglycerides are _____________ before using the Friedewald formula

Less than 400

Henderson-Hasselbach

Sodium result of 500 mmol/L is abnormal and indicative of IV solution contamination requiring sample recollection.

True. Normal range is 136-145 mmol/L so something is likely wrong with the sample

Hyperuricemia with joint pain is indicative of ___________.

Gout

Creatinine Clearance

([Na+] + [K+]) - ([Cl-] + [HCO-3])

Anion Gap

Fe/TIBC x 100 is

% Transferrin Saturation

Coefficient of Variation (%CV)

Which equation below is known as the Friedewald formula?

LDL = Total Cholesterol - (HDL + Triglyceride/5)

Triglyceride/5 is

VLDL

Total Cholesterol - (HDL plus Triglyceride/5)

LDL

2 - log (%T)

Absorbance

Put names in order for A = abc

Absorbance

Molar absorptivity

Path length

Concentration

A = abc is know as

Beer's Law

The following would not be compatible with life and would need to be redrawn.

True

Which of the following is a nonessential amino acid?

Tryptophan

Tyrosine

Threonine

Tysine

Tyrosine

This protein is decreased in patients with Wilson's disease.

Ceruloplasmin

Ceruloplasmin contains which of the following?

Copper

Zinc

Iron

Gold

Copper

Which protein test has mostly replaced the Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate 'ESR' test for patients with suspected inflammation?

C-Reactive Protein

Nonprotein Nitrogen Compounds include?

Urea Nitrogen

Ammonia

Uric Acid

Creatinine

Smoking can increase _________ levels in blood.

Ammonia

_______ increase chemical reaction speeds by lowering activation energy requirements but don't actually cause reactions

Enzymes

Which of the choices represents an incorrect paring of CK isoenzyme & tissue location?

CK-MB and Heart

CK-MB and stomach

CK-BB and Brain

CK-MM and skeletal muscle

CK-MB and stomach

Which enzyme is likely deficient when a haemolytic anaemia develops due to consuming an oxidizing medication?

G-6-PD

Which enzyme is normally increased due to bone formation when the body is growing?

ALP "alkaline phosphatase"

Which is not a monosaccharide?

Lactose

Galactose

Fructose

Glucose

Lactose.

Disaccharide made of two simple sugars: galactose and glucose

Diabetes is a hormone imbalance disease characterized by?

Hyperglycemia

Scientific word for decreased plasma glucose levels

Hypoglycemia

The most commonly detected glycosylated haemoglobin is

Haemoglobin A1C

Which Lipoprotein is not included in Total Cholesterol?

Chylomicrons

Which lipoprotein is considered "good" due to it's ability to remove excess cholesterol from cells?

High-Density Lipoprotein, "HDL"

Which of the following is required for readable colour conversion of cholesterol and triglycerides?

Peroxidase

What is the most abundant protein in plasma/serum?

Albumin

Which test are run to aid acute pancreatitis diagnosis?

Lipase

Amylase

Which diagnostic criteria meet the requirements for pre-diabetes?

Fasting glucose of 115 mg/dL

HbA1C 6.1%

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

Mg

Na

H2O

Ca

H2O

Which electrolyte affects neurological transmission?

Magnesium

A combination of a weak acid and its salt is a

Buffer

Which organs regulates acid-base balance by metabolic activity?

Kidneys

High pH, Normal HCO3, Low pCO2 indicates

Respiratory Alkalosis

Respiratory Alkalosis can be caused by

Fever

Drugs

Hyperventilation/hysteria

ISEs are commonly used to measure

Electrolytes

Porphyrins do not contain the porphyrin ring.

False

Two sites of heme synthesis are

Bone Marrow

Liver

Respiratory acidosis is primarily caused by defective kidney(s)

False.

it is primarily caused by issues with lung function, where the body is unable to adequately remove carbon dioxide through breathing, leading to a buildup of acid in the blood

These patient results are indicative of what type of pH imbalance? pH=7.27, pco2 = 57, HCO3 = 23

Acidosis, respiratory

Is this patient uncompensated, partially compensated or fully compensated? pH = 7.44, PCO2 = 25, HCO3 = 15

Fully Compensated; pH has returned to normal via compensation

Is this patient uncompensated, partially compensated or fully compensated? pH = 7.40, PCO2 = 42, HCO3 = 26

Patient does not have an imbalance

Untreated Addison's can lead to __________ ___________.

Acidosis, "metabolic" non-respiratory

Severe diarrhoea can lead to __________ ____________.

Acidosis, "metabolic" non-respiratory

Sedative overdose can lead to __________ acidosis.

Respiratory

Milk-alkali syndrome, caused by intake of too much calcium, can cause __________ _____________.

Alkalosis "metabolic" non-respiratory

The acronym, VLDL, stands for what?

Very Low-Density Lipoprotein

Ionic copper is an effective cofactor for many enzymatic reactions.

True.

Copper is primarily involved in enzymes classified as oxidases, which catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions in various metabolic pathways

Salivary _________ helps breakdown complex carbohydrates.

Amylase

MM, MB, & BB are all ______ isoenzymes.

CK

Historically, _______ ________ was detected via a manual blood test using florescent dye viewed with a black light.

G-6-PD deficiency

Cytochrome P-450 enzymes are found primarily in the ________.

Liver

Structurally, a _________ sugar has six carbon atoms.

hexose

_______________ are carbohydrate chains made up of 3 to 10 simple sugars

Oligosaccharides

Insulin is produced in the islets of __________ tissue of the pancreas

Langerhans

Hexokinase enzymatic testing is commonly used to measure blood __________ concentrations.

Glucose

Glycosylated Haemoglobin testing, like A1C, can be used to monitor patient compliance with ____________ treatment(s).

Diabetes

The Jaffee reaction is a method for testing ___________ levels.

Creatinine

Triglycerides are composed primarily of amino acid peptide bonds.

False.

Triglyceride components: A triglyceride molecule consists of a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid tails.

Glycogenesis

Process of converting glucose into glycogen, a stored form of glucose.

Gluconeogenesis

Process by which the body makes glucose from non-carbohydrate sources.

_________________ are good markers of renal health.

Nonprotein nitrogen (NPN)

urea, amino acids, uric acid, creatinine, and ammonia.

Albumin is rarely elevated in blood samples, but can be easily decreased in cases of ____________.

Malnutrition

Albumin and globulin results are used to calculate _______ ratio.

A/G "albumin/globulin ratio"

_______________ may cause problems with your enzyme results.

Inhibitors

Hypernatremia can be caused by increased water retention.

False.

it is actually caused by either too much sodium intake or too much water loss, leading to a relative increase in sodium concentration in the body.

Hyperkalemia can be seen in cases of ___________.

Acidosis

The ________________ equation is used for determining ____________.

Henderson-Hasselbach ; pH

When testing for renal function, NPN waste products found in urine include.

Urea

Uric Acid

Creatinine

Hyperemesis Gravidarum is characterized by _______________.

nausea & vomiting

Chemical used to induce sweat during the sweat electrolyte test.

Pyelocarbamezapine

Pancreatic function tests include

Sweat Electrolyte Determinations

Amylase & Lipase

Insulin

Glucagon

The Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas secrete which hormones?

Islets of Langerhans:

Beta cells: Produce insulin

Alpha cells: Produce glucagon

Delta cells: Produce somatostatin

D-Dimer levels are abnormal in 90% of pulmonary embolism patients.

True