Chapter 28 APUSH

Henry Demarest Lloyd

Wealth Against Commonwealth, criticism of Standard Oil

Jacob A. Riis

How the Other Half Lives, slums of New York

Muckrakers

journalists who exposed corruption and scandal

Lincoln Steffens

The Shame of Cities, corrupt alliance between big business and government

Ida M. Tarbell

expose of Standard Oil

David G. Phillips

The Treason of the Senate, 75 of 90 senators represented trusts rather than the people

Ray Stannard

Following the Color Line, suppression of America's blacks

John Spargo

The Bitter Cry of the Children, abuses of child labor

initiative

voters could directly propose legislation

referendum

voters have final approval on laws

recall

voters can remove an elected official from office

17th Amendment

direct election of senators

Robert M. La Follette

Wisconsin governor, returned corporate power to people

Hiram W. Johnson

California governor, removed power of Southern Pacific Railroad on politics

Women's Trade Union League

organization of all classes of women to support efforts to create unions and eliminate poor conditions

National Consumers League

pressure for safeguards of working women and children

Florence Kelley

leader of National Consumers League, Chief Factory Inspector of Illinois

Muller v. Oregon

state restrictions on the working hours of women

Lochner v. New York

laws could not limit the workday of bakers

Woman's Christian Temperance Union

anti-alcohol women's group

Square Deal

control corporations, consumer protections, conservation of resources

Department of Commerce

oversight of businesses engaged in interstate commerce

Elkins Act of 1903

railroads and shippers fined for rebates

Hepburn Act of 1906

restricted free passes, expanded Interstate Commerce Commission

Meat Inspection Act of 1906

meat shipped over state lines subject to federal inspection

Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906

forbade adulteration or mislabelling of food and pharmaceuticals

Desert Land Act of 1887

federal government sold dry land given it would be irrigated within 3 years

Forest Reserve Act of 1891

allowed president to set aside national parks and reserves from public forests

Carey Act of 1894

distributed federal land to states for it to be irrigated and settled

Newlands Act of 1902

authorized government use of money from sale of western lands to develop irrigation projects

Aldrich-Vreeland Act of 1908

authorized national banks to issue emergency currency in currency shortage

William Howard Taft

Republic presidency winner in election of 1908, governor of Phillippines

Philander C. Knox

Secretary of State under Taft, proposed Americans buy Manchurian railroads to give to China

Payne-Aldrich Bill of 1909

high tariff on imports

Gifford Pinchot

chief of the Agriculture Department's Division of Forestry, fired by Taft for insubordination

National Progressive Republic League

La Follette as Republic candidate

Woodrow Wilson

Democrat presidency winner in election of 1912

New Freedom program

election of 1912 Democrat platform, small enterprise, entrepreneurship, free functioning of unregulated markets, did not support social-welfare programs

New Nationalism program

election of 1912 Republican platform, stronger control of trusts, women's suffrage, programs of social welfare