Music midterm

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Dynamics

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74 Terms

1

Dynamics

Degrees of loudness or softness in music

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2

Form

The structural organization of a composition

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3

Cadence

the beat

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4

Phrase

a unit of musical meter that has a complete musical sense of its own

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5

Consonance

notes that sound good together

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6

Dissonance

Notes that sound unpleasant together

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7

Major

happy, upbeat sounding

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8

Minor

sad sounding

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9

Melody

a memorable succession of pitches

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10

Harmony

combination of simultaneously sounding itches to produce a pleasing affect

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11

Tonality

a group or a row of notes that has a fixed interval based structure

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12

Triads

a set of three notes that can be stacked vertically in thirds

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13

Meter

rhythmic pattern constituted by the grouping of called beats into regular measures

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14

Tempo

speed of music

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15

Monophony

single-line texture, or melody without accompaniment

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16

Polyphony

Music with two or more melodies blended together.

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17

Homophony

Melody with accompaniment

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18

String Family (4)

Violin, Viola, Cello, Double Bass

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19

Woodwinds (4)

Flute, Clarinet, Oboe, Bassoon

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20

Brass (4)

Trumpet, Trombone, Tuba, French Horn

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21

Percussion (1)

Timpani

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22

Imitation

A polyphonic musical texture with subsequent voices start with the same material

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23

Motive (Motif)

a leading phrase that is reproduced and varied through the course of a composition or movement

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24

Medieval Chant

Monophonic, sung in unison, rhythm followed the flow of words

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25

Church Modes

Modified major and minor scales often used in chants

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26

Melisma

One syllable of text spread out over many musical notes (flair)

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27

Neumes

dashes, dots, and curved, hook-like figures that could be used to represent musical tones

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28

Organum

Medieval polyphony that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines

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29

Humanism (Renaissance)

puts focus on humans and emphasizes the individual

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30

Madrigal

4 to 5-part work with one singer per part, mixing polyphony and homophony. Often features text painting

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31

Motet

a short piece of sacred choral music, typically polyphonic

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32

Text/Word painting

musical technique of writing music that reflects the literal meaning of a song

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33

Basso continuo

Baroque accompaniment made up of a bass part usually played by two instruments: a keyboard plus a low melodic instrument.

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34

Concerto

a multimovement work for orchestra and an instrumental soloist

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35

Fugue

polyphonic imitation of a motif

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36

Ground bass (basso ostinato)

The technique of grounding music over an unchanging bass pattern

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37

Harpsichord

Baroque funky piano

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38

Ornament

sounding fancy/extra

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39

Patronage

person/church that pays musician

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40

Ritornello form

A recurring theme played by the orchestra with contrasting material played by the soloist(s), with orchestral accompaniment. Part of Baroque concerto

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41

Baroque Sonata

Exposition (main section: two themes) + Development (unstable exploration of keys) + Recapitulation

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42

Enlightenment

Philosophical movement emphasizing individualism, reason, and most importantly democracy, liberty, and equality -led to a more populist and cosmopolitan style (music for all)

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43

Rondo Form

Classical Form: ABACA form or ABABA form.

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44

Sonata form (classical era)

Instrumental composition for solo instrument (often w/ piano)

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45

String quartet

multi-movement composition for 2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello

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46

Symphony

large-scale work for orchestra

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47

Absolute music

non-programmatic/character pieces of Romantic period

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48

Character piece

explicitly (e.g., through the title) expresses an extra-musical idea/mood. Can range from suggesting a mere vibe to being overtly programmatic

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49

Art Song/ Lieder

Text set to music, usually voice + piano (German)

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50

Nationalism

Emphasis on self-sovereignty, lead to nationalistic songs

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51

Opera

Combines orchestra, singing, and drama

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52

Aria

The main, memorable songs

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53

Leitmotif

motives connected to a particular character, object, or idea

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54

Libretto

The opera's "book" or text (plot, lyrics, etc.).

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55

Recitative

Speech-like song; delivers key plot details.

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56

Program Music

an explicit program/story or highly evocative title

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57

Medieval Chant

Monophonic vocal piece Sung in Latin No clear meter Modal sound

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58

Renaissance Madrigal

Unaccompanied vocal work Mixes polyphony with some homophony Sung in Italian or English (not Latin!) Text painting

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59

Baroque Concerto

Alternates orchestra with soloist Baroque orchestra (mostly strings + continuo) Baroque in style: clear meter, driving rhythms, clear major or minor key, ornamentation, etc.

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60

Baroque Sonata

Multimovement instrumental work in a variety of styles Baroque in style: clear meter, driving rhythms, clear major or minor key, ornamentation, etc. Either a solo instrument (keyboard) or a solo instrument accompanied by a harpsichord ABA form

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61

Baroque Fugue

Interlocked imitator Polyphony One subject would start then a few beats later the subject would repeat in combination with the previous sound etc. The melody of the fugue is in different scales

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62

Classical Symphony

Large-scale work for orchestra Usually 3-4 movements Typically fast-slow-fast Consists of strings, two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two or four horns, two trumpets, and two timpani. Dynamic changes and homophonic texture

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63

Classical Opera

Singing meant to represent speech Conveys emotion through melody, dynamics, tone of singer etc Classical in style: easy to follow, dynamics were changed a lot through songs, clearer breaks Common instruments used to accompany the voice were pianos and clarinets

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64

Classical String quartet

Multimovement composition 2 violins, 1 viola, and 1 cello 3-4 movements Common forms are minuet and trio, rondo, and sonata

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65

Romantic Art Song/Lied

Pre-existing poetry set to voice and piano Expansive, unpredictable melodies More extremes in dynamics Music is meant to reflect the text

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66

Romantic Orchestra

Usage of brass (emphasis on brass and percussion) Percussion Orientation Clear-cut brass solos Clear key

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67

Romantic character piece

Express an idea/mood explicitly through the title Suggestive titles Highly evocative titles Depicting a character/place Can be overly story based

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68

Romantic opera

Had themes of nature, the supernatural, the medieval era, madness, and the exotic-escape from reality. Gradual shift away from a predictable alternation of aria and recitative

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69

Medieval Period

400-1450

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70

Renaissance Period

1450-1600

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71

Baroque Period

1600-1750

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72

Classical Period

1750-1800

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73

Romantic Era

1800-1900

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74

Order of periods

Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic

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