Ch 16 Recontruction

Cornell notes

Describe the South after the Civil War

The South was left with huge destruction

Economy in ruins

Society in ruins

States were destroyed

Would take effort to restore the states

Reconstruction Def?

The task of rebuilding the former Conf. states and readmitting them to the Union

What was Lincoln's Plan called?

Ten Percent Plan

What did Lincoln's Plan state?

1. Required voters in each Southern state to take an oath of loyalty to the Union

2. When 10% of voters in a state takes oath, the state can form a new gov.

3. State is required to adopt a new constitution that bans slavery

Amnesty Def

Forgiveness for any crimes committed (kinda like a pardon)

Who were the Radical Republicans and what did they want?

A group of Republican representatives who favored a more radical/extreme approach to reconstruction

Wanted Southern institutes to be broken up and relaid (lay again differently)

What was the Freedman's Beurau?

Federal agency made to help ex-slaves (freedmen)

What was the Freedmen's Bureau main job?

To help African Americans adjust to life after slavery

What are 4 things th Freedmens Bureau did?

1. Provided food, clothing, and medical care

2. Helped people get land to farm

3. Helped African Americans find fair work/jobs for fair pay

4. Set up schools

5. Important Extra: most important effect is started the public education system in the South

What happened on April 14, 1865? 1.

Who did it? 2.

Where did it happen? 3.

1. Lincoln was shot in the head/ assassinated

2. John Wilkes Booth

3. During a play in Ford's Theater in Washington D.C.

Who became president? (Context: after lincoln death)

Andrew Johnson

What did Johnson's Plan state?

1. Give amnesty to most Southerners who swore loyalty to the Union

2. Only give amnesty/pardons to high ranking Conf. leaders and wealthy if they appealed to the Pres (Johnson)

3. Require Southern states to outlaw slavery before rejoining the Union

4. Required that Southern states ratify the 13th amendment

5. No voting for African Americans

Black codes Def

Laws designed to help control the newly freed African Americans

Who made black codes and why were they made?

Southern state legislatures

Passed to get around the 13th amendment

Example of black codes?

Made it illegal for African Americans to own or rent farms

Allowed officials to fine/arrest African Americans who did not have jobs

Why was the 14th Amendment made?

Helped protect citizenship extended to AA by the Civil Rights Act of 1866

The 14th Amendment stated?

Guaranteed citizenship could not be taken away from passing another law

What did Congress Republicans require?

Required the ratification of the 14th amendment as a condition of joining the Union

Where and when were Radical Republicans in charge?

The congressional elections of 1866

(Reconstruction Acts) have to ratify what?

14th amendment

Reconstruction Act divided what?

10 defiant states to 5 military districts

Former what could not what?

Conf. leaders could not serve in new governments

Reconstruction acts guaranteed who what?

Guaranteed AA right to vote in state elections

Who was impeached?

Andrew Johnson

Was the impeachment just?

Yes because

Johnson suspended Stanton without Senate approval

Broke Tenure of Office Act by firing Stanton

Interfered with Congress power with veto

Was he convicted?

No - Senate did not receive 2/3 majority votes (In result he was not removed form office)

The Republicans nominated who

Ulysses S. Grant

Who won the 1868 Pres election

Ulysses S. Grant

The 15th amendment stated

Guaranteed that state and federal gov can not deny the right to vote to any male citizen because of race or color

Guaranteed voting rights for citizens (including AA) for short

White landowners refused to do what?

Refused to rent land to freed people

Refused to give AA credit

Refused to hire AA

KKK def

Secret society (usually white supremacist) that used fear and violence to deny rights to freed men and women

Ex of KKK actions?

Targeted Freedmen's Bureau because KKK did not believe AA should be educated

Burned AA homes, schools, and churches

What did AA want?

Land to feed and support their families

Education

Sharecropping def

System where landowners rented land to sharecroppers or farmers (sharecroppers in return would pay landowners a portion of profit)

What did African Americans think about sharecropping

AA thought that sharecropping was a little better than slavery

Grant's presidency was plagued by what?

Grant's presidency was plagued by scandal and corruption

Extra: Economic depression due to a major banking firm going bankrupt

What happened in the 1874 congressional elections? 2 answers

Democrats won control of the House of Rep. and made gains in the Senate

Costed Radical Republicans most of their power

What promises did Republicans make to get Rutherford B. Hayes Pres?

Compromise of 1877

Pledged to withdraw troops who stationed in the South since the end of the CW

What ends after the Compromise of 1877

Reconstruction

Define the Following Voting Rights

1.

2.

3.

1. Poll Tax- free/payment required for voting

2. Literacy test- required potential voters to read and explain difficult parts of state/federal constitution

3. Grandfather clause- allowed people to vote if their fathers or grandfathers voted before reconstruction

What was the reason for voting restrictions?

To avoid the 15th amendment

Segregation Def

Separation of races

Why were the Jim Crow laws made

To separate African Americans from white people in almost every public place

What did the Jim Crow Laws require of AA

Required AA to attend separate facilities from white people

2 examples of Jim crow laws?

AA attended different school

AA attended different sections on trains

What did the court rule?

Segregation was legal as long as AA had access to public places equal to those of white people

Phrase or term used to justify segregation?

Separate but equal

Who was a famous AA writer and civil war rights leader?

W.E.B Du Bois

What does "The slave went free, stood a brief moment in the sun, tan moved back again toward slavery” mean

Slaves were freed with the 13th amendment= the slave went free

stood a brief moment in the sun= AA were free during Reconstruction

Than moved back again towards slavery = Reconstruction ended, and laws like Jim Crow Laws made life as a AA citizen just like another form of slavery

What was created during 1874

White league

What was created 50 years after Reconstruction? Who made them? During What?

50 years after reconstruction, many Civil War monuments were made by the KKK at the height of their power.