Oral Anatomy midterm

Anatomy

The scientific study of the shape and structure of the human body

Physiology

The scientific study of how the human body functions

anatomical position

human body standing in an upright position, eyes facing forward, feet parallel and close together, arms at the sides of the body with the palms facing forward

sagittal (lateral) plane

divides body into left and right

mid-sagittal plane

divides the body into equal left and right halves

AKA: Midline or median plane

transverse (horizontal) plane

divides the body into superior and inferior parts

Perpendicular to sagittal plane

frontal plane (coronal plane)

divides body into anterior (Front) and posterior (Back) sides

Anterior (ventral)

Toward the front of the body

Posterior (dorsal)

toward the back

Superior (cranial)

above

Inferior (caudal)

below

Medial

toward the midline

Lateral

away from the midline

Left or right

Internal

Toward the center of the body

External

Toward the periphery (outside)

Proximal

Closer to the midline

Cells

Basic unit of life

Differentiation

The specialized function of a cell

stem cells

Immature/Unspecialized cells located in bone marrow

Tissues

Groups of cells with a common structure and function.

Body system

group of organs that work together to perform a specific function

How many body systems are there?

10

- Skeletal

- Muscular

- Cardiovascular/Lymphatic and immune

- Nervous

- Respiratory

- Digestive

- Urinary

- Integumentary

- Endocrine

- Reproductive

skeletal system

Protects and supports body organs and provides a framework the muscles use to support movement. Made up of bones and joints

Muscular System

Holding body erect and movement

cardiovascular/lymphatic and immune system

Heart and defense against disease

nervous system

response or sends a message

respiratory system

Transports oxygen, excretes carbon dioxide

digestive system

Digestion, absorption, and excretion

uriary system

Elimination of urine

integumentary system

Protection of body regulation of temperature

endocrine system

Integration of bodily function and growth

reproductive system

Production of a new life

What are the 3 layers of bone

Periosteum, compact, and cancellous

Periosteum

First layer of bone, thin layer of connective tissue with nerve and blood vessels, contains osteoblasts

Osteoblasts

bone forming cells

Compact bone

dense, hard layers of bone tissue that lie underneath the periosteum

AKA cortical bone

Cancellous bone and marrow

Inside the bone forming a honeycomb shape

AKA trabecular bone

Joints

where two bones meet in such a way to permit motion

3 types of muscle tissue

Striated - Voluntary

Smooth - involuntary

Cardiac - walls of the heart

Glabella

the flattened area between the eyebrows

lateral canthus of the eye

outer corner where the upper and lower eyelids meet

medial canthus of the eye

inner corner of eye where the upper and lower lids meet

Ala

Winglike tip of the outer side of each nostril

root and bridge of nose

area between the eyes

Septum of the nose

divides nasal cavity into left and right

Anterior Naris

nostril

apex

the highest point, tip

Philtrum

Rectangular area from under the nose to the midline of the upper lip

Tubercle of lip

Thicker area on upper lip at termination of philtrum

vermillion border

line around the lips

Labiomental groove

horizontal groove between lower lip and chin

Labial commissure

corners of the mouth

Auricle

external portion of the ear

Tragus of the ear

Cartilage projection anterior to the external opening of the ear

mental protuberance of mandible

point of chin

ramus of mandible

vertical part of mandible

body of mandible

horizontal portion of the mandible

angle of mandible

Point at the lower border of the body of the mandible where it turns up onto the ramus.

vestibule

Space between the teeth and the inner mucosal lining of the lips and cheeks

Labial frenum

Band of tissue that passes from the facial oral mucosa at the midline of the arch to the midline of the inner surface of the lip

buccal frenum

lateral boundary of the vestibule, bonds of fibrous tissue holding cheek in place

Diastema

A space between two teeth

Linea Alba Buccalis

white line running posteriorly on each side at the level where the upper and lower teeth come together

Stenson's duct

The excretory duct of the parotid gland

hard palate

roof of the mouth

Rugae

ridges on the hard palate

Incisive papilla

Pear-shaped pad of tissue that covers the incisive foramen

soft palate

posterior portion, not supported by bone

uvula

soft tissue hanging from the middle of the soft palate

palatine tonsils

located on the left and right sides of the throat in the area that is visible through the mouth

torus palatinus

a bony protuberance in the midline of the hard palate

retromolar pad

pad of tissue behind the last molar on the mandible.

Dorsum

Top side of the tongue

filiform papillae of tongue

abundant, fine, and hair-like covering about 2/3 of the dorsal surface

NO TASTE BUDS

fungiform papillae

Mushroom-like protuberances often containing taste buds and located on the sides and tip of the tongue.

circumvallate papillae

v-shaped row of circular raised papillae, located in the back of the tongue

CONTAINS TASTEBUDS

Lateral surface (tongue)

sides of tongue

Foliate Papillae (Tongue)

on side walls of tongue; contain taste buds

Ventral surface of tongue

Bottom surface of the tongue

Lingual vein/artery

also called ranine vein

Lingual Frenum

fold of skin in center of underside of tongue

ankyloglossia

tongue-tied

Wharton's duct

submandibular duct

sublingual caruncle

small papilla at the anterior end of each sublingual fold contains the duct openings from both the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands

sublingual fold

fold of tissue extending anteriorly on each side from the 1st molar to the lingual frenum, duct of submandibular gland lies below.

mandibular tori

Bony growths along the lingual aspect of the mandible

free/unattached gingiva

border of the gingiva surrounding each tooth, not attached

marginal gingiva

highest point of free gingiva

attatched gingiva

Firmly bound to the underlying alveolar bone.

Mucogingival Junction (MGJ)

line where the attached gingiva meets the alveolar mucosa

alveolar mucosa

a darker pink or red in color beyond the attached gingiva, non-attached gingiva highly vascularized.

Interdental papilla

Triangular shaped unattached gingiva (fills space between teeth)

Dentition

Natural teeth in the dental arch

primary dentition

The first set of 20 primary teeth (baby teeth)

Mixed dentition

A mixture of permanent teeth and primary teeth that occurs until all primary teeth have been lost, usually between the ages of 6 and 12.

permanent dentition

The set of 32 secondary teeth

maxillary arch

upper jaw

mandibular arch

lower jaw

occlusion

The natural contact of the maxillary and mandibular teeth in all positions

Sextants (six segments)

- Maxillary right posterior

- Maxillary anterior

- Maxillary left posterior

- Mandibular right posterior

- Mandibular anterior

- Mandibular left posterior