Gases, Solids, liquids
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Last updated 6:02 PM on 11/1/22
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254 Terms
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Gas
no shape or volume
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liquid
no definite shape but definite volume
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liquid
... is compressed to a negligible extent even by high pressure
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solid
Definite shape and volume
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kinetic theory
a theory explaining the states of matter, based on the concept that all matter consists of tiny particles that are in constant motion
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gaseous state
the molecule are widely separated from on another but having negligible volume
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straight, random
gaseous molecules travel in .... lines but in .,.. direction
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mean free path
the average distance between collision is the .....
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perfectly elastic
The collisions between gas particles are
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gas pressure
the result of collision of gas molecules with the walls of the container
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attractive or repulsive
in an ideal gas there are no .... or ... forces between molecules
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absolute temperature
the average kinetic energy depends on the....
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same
at any given temperature the molecules of all gases have the.... average kinetic energy
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clusters
the kinetic theory states that the particles in liquid are in ....
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strong
the attractive forces between solid molecules are ....
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lattice
solid particles form a ... of vibrating masses
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Diffusion
the distribution or spreading of gas molecules through out the vessel known as ....
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rapidly
gases diffuse very ....
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effusion
A process by which gas particles pass through a tiny opening
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effusion
opposite of diffusion
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large empty spaces
gases are easily compressed due to ....
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Expansibility
opposite of compressibility
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pressure
all gases exert ...
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14.7 lbs/in2
1 atm = ? lbs/in2
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14.7lb/in^2
mass of atmosphere on our body at sea level and at 0°C is ....
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28lb/in^2
the tires are filled till gauge shows ....
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42.7lb/in^2
total pressure inside the tire is ...
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pressure
force pushing on a unit of area
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SI units of pressure
Pascal
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SI unite of
Kg/m.s^2
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760 torr
14.7 psi and 760 mmHg in torr....
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1mm
1 torr
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Temperature
property which determines the flow of the heat
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gas laws
the laws that state the mathematical relationships between the volume, temperature, pressure, and quantity of a gas
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pressure , volume
Robert Boyle studied the effect of .... changes on .... of gases
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Boyle's Law
the volume of a given mass of a gas is inversely proportional to the pressure exerted on it at a given temperature
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1660
Boyle's law was reported in ....
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reduced to half
according to boyle's law if the pressure is doubled the volume will be...
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Boyle's Law in terms of kinetic theory
when the volume is reduced the and the av velocity remains constant the particle collide more frequently due to less space, hence increasing the pressure
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parabolic curve
V - P graph is ....
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Boyle's Law
P1V1=P2V2
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Charles
1746-1823
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Charles
changes of volumes of gases due to changes of temperature at constant pressure were studied by ....
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1/273
When the temperature of a gas rises one degree Celsius, the gas expands by about ___ of its volume at 0 degrees Celsius.
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Charles' Law
the volume of given mass of a gas is directly proportional to the absolute temperature at a given pressure
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Charles' Law
V1/T1=V2/T2
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Charles' Law in terms of kinetic theory
a decrease in temp decreases the av kinetic energy of the gas molecules, which decreases the av molecular velocity, at constant pressure the decreased velocity causes the sample of gas to shrink and occupy a smaller volume
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zero
the volume of a gas would theoretically be ... at -273.16
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-273.16°C
absolute zero or zero degree of the absolute scale
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zero , ceases
at absolute zero, the volume of gases is considered to be... and all the motion... to exist
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deformed or shattered
solids are .... or ... by high pressure
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Avogadro's Law
V1/n1=V2/n2
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no translational
there's .... movement in solids
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Avogadro's Law
relationship between the volume and the number of molecules of a gas
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vibrational motion
what is responsible for diffusion in solids
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Avogadro's Law
equal volumes of all gases at the same temperature and pressure contain the same number of molecules
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increases
when a solid is heated the vibrational energy of their particles....
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Avogadro's Law
the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules of the gas at constant temperature and pressure
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sublimation
solid to gas
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relative molecular mass
avogadro's law enables us to determine the .... of gases
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solid CO2, camphor, iodine, naphthalene
solids that change to gas directly
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General Gas Equation
PV = nRT
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less
the intermolecular forces in solids which sublime is ... than ordinary solids
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8.3143 J/mole K
R constant
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crystalline and amorphous
two types of solids
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ideal gas
gas whose behavior can be predicted precisely on the basis of kinetic molecular theory and gas laws
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crystalline solid
characteristic geometrical shape due to highly ordered 3d arrangement of particles
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molecules do not attract each other and occupy no space
two significant properties of an ideal gas
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faces, angles
crystalline solids are bounded by plane surfaces called ... which intersect each other at particular....
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intermolecular forces
the main cause of deviation of the real gases from ideality is the presence of .....
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sugar,alum,metals,diamonds
examples of crystalline solids
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10 cm^3 to 100cm^3
1 mole of a liquid occupies the volume of ....
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amorphous solid
A solid made up of particles that are not arranged in a regular pattern
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diffusion of liquids
diffusion takes place due to the freedom of molecules but is slow due to the closeness of molecules and large number of collisions
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glass, plastic, rubber
examples of amorphous solids
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hydraulic brake system
compressibility of liquids help in ....
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sharp
crystalline solids have ... melting point
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high
very.... pressures are required for squeezing a liquid
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range of temperature
amorphous solids melt over a ....
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intermolecular attractions
properties of liquids are largely determined by the ....
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amorphous
do not have harp melting point
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viscosity of liquids
resistance to flow
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Cleavage
breakage of a big crystal into smaller crystals of identical shape is called....
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honey , mobiloil
viscous liquids
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cleavage plane
the plane which contains the direction of cleavage is called...
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gasoline
less viscous liquid
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fixed
amorphous solids do not break down at ,... cleavage planes
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intermolecular attractions
what is responsible for the viscosity
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Anistropy
Exhibiting different values of a property in different crystallographic directions.
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ether
ethyl alcohol is more viscous than.....due to the hydrogen bonds in alcohol
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Isotropy
having the same properties in all directions
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less
30 grade oil is ... viscous than 40 grade oil
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Anisotropic
crystalline solids are ....
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poise
viscosity is expressed in ....
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Isotropic
amorphous solids are ....
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1gm/cm
1 poise equals ....
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symmetry
crystalline solids posses ...
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10^-3 Nsm^-2
1 centipoise equals...
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non-symmetrical
amorphous solids possess....
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decreases
viscosity... with rise in temperature
Note 
Flashcards (46)