gen chem 1 chapter 2

Law of conservation of energy

energy is neither created nor destroyed, only transformed

Kinetic energy

1/2mv²

Joule

Unit of Energy

kg x m²/s²

Speed of Light

c

3× 10⁸

Frequency

The number of complete waves that pass a point in a unit of time, typically measured in hertz (Hz) or 1/s

greek symbol new (greek v) or f

Wavelength

distance between 2 crests or 2 troughs 

greek letter lambda

Relationsjip between frequency and wavelength

inverse

c=lamda x new

Photoelectric Effect

The equation that describes the emission of electrons from a material when it is exposed to light, typically expressed as E=hf, where E is energy, h is Planck's constant, and f is frequency.

debroglie wavelength

wavelength associated with a moving particle, given by ( \lambda = h/mv

heisenberg uncertainty principle

Impossible to describe the wave and particle nature of matter simultaneously with absolute certainty

Neils Bohr

electrons eexists in quantized energy levels around the nucleus 

could not explain why the ground state angular momentum was 0

n

• electron enerfy level

• positive integer from 1 to infinity

l

• angular momentum quantum number

• determines the shape of the electron's orbital

• values from all integers (n-1) to 0

• defines s, p, d, f orbitals

angular momentum quantum number for s orbitals

0

angular momentum quantum number for p orbitals

1

angular momentum quantum number for d orbitals

2

angular momentum quantum number for f orbitals

3

magnetic quantum number

describes the orientation of an orbital in space, taking integer values from -l to +l where l is the angular momentum quantum number.

the spin quantum number

describes the intrinsic angular momentum or spin of an electron, taking values of +1/2 or -1/2.