NSG 1050 - Module 5 flashcards

Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

The minimal energy at rest needed to maintain digestion, circulation, and homeostasis.

Resting Energy Expenditure (REE)

The amount of energy needed to sustain life while at rest over a 24-hour period.

Kilocalories (KCAL)

The basic energy unit used to measure how much energy something has.

Carbohydrates (CHO)

Nutrients that provide 4 kcal per gram; include simple carbs like glucose and complex carbs like starch.

Protein

Nutrient that provides 4 kcal per gram and is made of amino acids; essential for tissue repair.

Fat

Nutrient that provides 9 kcal per gram and is the most energy-dense nutrient.

Water

Makes up 60% of body weight and is essential for proper body function.

Vitamins

Organic micronutrients needed for health; categorized into fat-soluble (A, D, E, K) and water-soluble (C, B complex).

Minerals

Inorganic elements that aid bodily functions.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

Standards for the amount of vitamins and nutrients based on age and gender.

Antioxidants

Substances found in plant-based foods that protect cells from free radicals.

Macronutrients

Nutrients needed in large amounts, including proteins, carbohydrates, and fats.

Micronutrients

Nutrients required in smaller amounts, including vitamins and minerals.

Gastrostomy Tube (G-tube)

A tube delivering nutrition directly into the stomach, used for clients unable to consume enough food.

Nasogastric Tube (NG tube)

A thin plastic tube inserted through the nostril down to the stomach, used for nutrition and medication.

Enteral Nutrition

Nutritional intake through the gastrointestinal tract, either by mouth or through a GI tube.

Parenteral Nutrition

Dietary intake administered intravenously, used when the GI system does not function.

BMI categories

Classification of body mass index: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity.

Peristalsis

Smooth muscle contractions that propel food through the digestive system.

Fasting Blood Glucose

Blood sugar level taken after not eating or drinking for at least 8 hours.

Dysphagia

Difficulty swallowing.

Silent Aspiration

Aspiration of food or liquid with no obvious symptoms.

Macrominerals

Minerals needed in larger amounts, like calcium and potassium.

Trace Minerals

Minerals needed in small amounts, like iron and zinc.

Dietary Guidelines

Recommendations based on an adult's consumption of 2,000 calories per day.