Transporters

What is the primary function of transporters in cell membranes?

To facilitate the movement of specific molecules across the membrane.

Which type of pump uses light energy to transport molecules across the membrane?

Light-driven pumps.

How does the sodium-glucose symporter facilitate glucose uptake in gut epithelial cells?

By using the sodium concentration gradient to enhance glucose binding.

What is the role of bacteriorhodopsin in archaea?

To use light energy to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane.

Which class of ATP-driven pumps is involved in ATP synthesis?

F pumps.

What is the significance of phosphorylation in P pumps?

It provides the energy needed for ion transport across the plasma membrane.

How do V pumps contribute to the acidic environment in lysosomes?

By pumping hydrogen ions into the lysosome, increasing acidity.

What is the role of F pumps in mitochondria?

To synthesize ATP using the proton motive force.

What is the primary function of ABC transporters?

To transport small molecules across cell membranes.

How do ABC transporters contribute to drug resistance in cancer cells?

By actively removing chemotherapy drugs from the cells.

What experiment could test the efficiency of a new transporter protein in facilitating active transport?

Measure the rate of molecule transport in the presence and absence of ATP.

Which type of pump uses ATP directly to transport molecules?

ATP-driven pumps.

What triggers the conformational change in the sodium-glucose symporter?

Binding of both sodium and glucose.

In which environment would bacteriorhodopsin be most effective?

High light intensity environments like the Great Salt Lake.

How do ABC transporters differ from other ATP-driven pumps?

They transport small molecules instead of ions.

What is a characteristic feature of P pumps?

Phosphorylated intermediate during ion transport.

Why are V pumps crucial for lysosomal function?

They create an acidic environment necessary for enzyme activity.

What is the significance of F pumps in chloroplasts?

They synthesize ATP using the proton motive force generated during photosynthesis.

Evaluate the role of ABC transporters in bacterial antibiotic resistance.

They actively remove antibiotics from bacterial cells, contributing to resistance.

Propose a strategy to overcome ABC transporter-mediated drug resistance in cancer therapy.

Develop inhibitors that block ABC transporter activity.