Circulation

SRJC, BIO 2.2, Swinstrom. all about circulation

What are the cellular elements of blood>

White blood cells, red blood cells, platelets

White blood cells

fight infection

red blood cells

transport oxygen and reomve carbon dioxide

Platelets

are cell fragments and resposible for clotting

What percentage of blood is cellular?

45%

what percentage of blood is plasma?

55%

What is plasma?

Plasma is responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure, acts as a buffer during pH changes, lipid transport, clotting, and defense. They transport nutrients, waste products, respiratory gases, and hormones

Explain the life cycle of a red blood cell

Stem cell → 1 daughter cell remains a stem cell and the other daughter cell commits to becoming a specialized cell → rybosm synthesizes → hemoglobin accumulates → nucleus ejected

How does the body know when to produce more rbc?

kidney stiulates eruthroprotein → stimulates bone marrow to make more rbc → low oxygen in kidney → hypoxia inducible factor high → epo keeps being made

Explain the pulmanary circuit

right atrium → tricuspid valve → right ventricle→ pulmanary semilunar valve → pulmanary trunk → pulmanry arteries →pulmanary capillaries in lungs → pulmanary veins → left atrium → mitral valve → left ventricle → aortic semilunar valve → aortic arch

Explain the systemic circuit

aorta→ systemic arteries of the upper body → systemic capillaries of head and forelimbs → superir vena cava → into the right atrium

aorta → thoracic aorta →abdominal aorta → capillaries of lower body and limbs → inferior vena cava → right atrium

Arteries

take blood away from the heart

veins

return deoxygenated blood and waste back to the heart

Capillaries

facilitate diffusion of oxygen ato cells and place where CO2 is picked up. Capillareis are very thing and poures

What is blood pressure?

it is the contraction of heart ventricles makes which exerts a force in all directions on the blood vessel

How can blood pressure change?

• Extra fluid, fluid properties, or narrowing of the vessel diameter can increase blood pressure.

• If there were a tear in the epithelial lining, white blood cells respond, leading to fat cells and cholesterol to accumulate,e creating plaque which narrows the blood vessel walls

what is atherosclerosis?

It is the hardening of arteries by accumulation of fatty deposits. If it is a complete blockage it can lead to a heart attack or stoke

What are some treatments for atherosclerosis?

• Angioplasty: inserts a balloon that blows it, pushing the plaque, and adding a stent, allowing blood to flow again

• after bypass surgery, taking a blood vessel and attaching it before the blockage, and after the blockage. Essentially reroutes blood