Genes, Evolution, and Ecology Vocab

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8 Terms

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gene

A segment of DNA that contains the information required to produce a product that functions in the organism.

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alleles

Different versions of a gene that have slight variations in the DNA sequence found in other alleles of the same gene. 

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transcription

The process that creates an RNA molecule from information stored in a gene.

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translation

The process that uses the information in messenger RNA (mRNA) to synthesize a protein.

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gene expression

The entire set of processes that results in using the information stored in a gene.

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chromatin

The complex of DNA and histones that makes up a chromosome.

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nucleosome

A group of eight histone proteins that has DNA wrapped around it.

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histone proteins

Proteins that have an abundance of positively charged lysines and arginines in their primary structure, which interact with negative charges on the sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA to form nucleosomes.