Jake Cancer

myeloma

a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow

electrolyte imbalance that affects 10 - 30% of cancer patients, particularly those with myeloma or breast cancer

hypercalcemia

orthopedic/neuro condition that happens in about 5% of cancer patients, specifically breast cancer

spinal cord compression

condition which causes edema, particularly in the face, hoarse voice, SOB, dt a tumor

superior vena cava syndrome

T or F, american indians are 51% more likely to die from their cancer than whites?

True

How often should a multi-target stool DNA test be done and what is it for?

Q3 years and it is a colon cancer screening

blood test that detects cancerous tumors

Blood biopsy

Describe stage 1 cancer

• no lymph involvement

• no mets

• tumors are less than 2 cm size

• confined to organ of origin

Describe stage 2 cancer

• early locally advanced

• dysplasia

Describe stage 3 cancer

• nodal involvement

• no mets

• tumors are over 5 cm

• late locally advanced

Describe stage 4 cancer

• metastasized

• Multiple sites

• Large

• angiogenesis

• Multiple drugs needed

What is a very common and painful side effect of radiation and chemotherapy

mucositis

Most common cancer in the US

skin cancer

Cancer is the __________ most common cause of death in the US

second

Folks who eat a lot of processed meats and have (pre)diabetes are at risk for what type of cancer

colorectal

what two gene mutations for breast cancer

BRcA1 and BRcA2 (Think bra)

T or F, a diagnosis of HIV is a risk factor for lung cancer

T

What virus increases risk for CNS lymphoma

Epstein Barr

What is a PET scan used for?

-test that helps reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning.

*A PET scan uses a radioactive drugs (tracer) to create 3D images of the body.

Detects cancer cells

What test will we use to determine the efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment?

CEA (carinoembryonic antigen)

A patient has numbness in extremities, loss of bladder control, loss of coordination and fatigue, which type of cancer might be suspected?

Colorectal

Spinal cord

Breast

Pancreatic

Spinal Cord

S/S of pancreatic cancer

obstructive jaundice, weight loss, deep abd pain, pruritis, courvosier's sign (jaundice & palpable nontender GB that indicates obstruction of CBD from tumor)

What phrase is used to describe follow up care after cancer diagnosis and treatment

cancer survivorship

What is the HPV vaccine called?

Gardasil

HBV vaccine

immunization required to be offered at no charge to all clinical health care workers

People over the age of ______ account for 87% of all cancer dx

50

What is the definitive test for cancer?

A biopsy with histological analysis

Pt has a high WBC they might have what two cancers?

leukemia or lymphoma

T or F, radiation therapy can cause other types of cancer

T

T or F, internal radiation is utilized over external radiation more often

F

Can a preg nurse be around a patient getting radiation?

No

Radiation works because it kills all _________ __________ cells

rapid dividing

What interventions are important for pts getting radiation therapy?

Skin care, oral care, NO ALCOHOL BASED stuff on skin cause it makes it worse

What weird taste do patients experience with radiation?

Metallic taste - plastic silverware

Most cancer patients get a _______ placement in the first three months

port

Can you use a regular needle in a portacath if you have to?

No

T or F you should check for blood return regularly during an infusion?

yes

What is a treatment for a reaction to a ressicant?

Elevate and ice

How many times do you flush the toilet in a chemo pts room?

twice with the seat down

How many gloves do you wear caring for a chemo patient?

4 (two on each hand)

What color bucket do the chemo meds go in?

Yellow

What is hair loss from chemo called medically speaking?

alopecia

What is chemotherapy?

the use of drugs to treat a disease, specific meds for specific cancers

What potential side-effect of Zofran means it shouldn't be used with a cancer patient, particularly those on chemo that might be nauseated?

QT prolongationn, many have heart problems

T or F, the hair that grows back after chemo will be different than it used to be

T

Why are patients chronically anemic from chemo and radiation?

Bone marrow damage

Why might pts on chemo and radiation have Kidney and liver disease?

Thats where the drugs are metabolized and can cause damage

What type of transplant can be used for patients with hematological cancers and bone marrow suppression

Hemtopoietic stem cell transplants

Engraftment may take _________ weeks, in terms of Hematopoietic stem cell transplants

2-4 weeks

What is pancytopenia?

deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets).

What causes pancytopenia in cancer patients

This happens when something is wrong with the bone marrow, where blood cells are formed. Pancytopenia has many possible causes: Diseases such as cancer, lupus or bone marrow disorders. Increased blood viscosity, risk of thrombi and infarctions, bone marrow becomes fibrotic

Chemo and radiation patients are anemic and usually have thrombocytopenia, so they are on precautions similarly to patients on what kind of therapy?

anti-coag therapy

Patients immune systems will be lowest ___ - __ days after chemo or radiation

7-14

T or F, you should cohort neutropenic patients because they are both at risk for infection

F

Meticulous hand washing?

YES

What is neutropenia?

low neutrophil count

criteria for ANC

<1000