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myeloma
a type of cancer that occurs in blood-making cells found in the red bone marrow
electrolyte imbalance that affects 10 - 30% of cancer patients, particularly those with myeloma or breast cancer
hypercalcemia
orthopedic/neuro condition that happens in about 5% of cancer patients, specifically breast cancer
spinal cord compression
condition which causes edema, particularly in the face, hoarse voice, SOB, dt a tumor
superior vena cava syndrome
T or F, american indians are 51% more likely to die from their cancer than whites?
True
How often should a multi-target stool DNA test be done and what is it for?
Q3 years and it is a colon cancer screening
blood test that detects cancerous tumors
Blood biopsy
Describe stage 1 cancer
no lymph involvement
no mets
tumors are less than 2 cm size
confined to organ of origin
Describe stage 2 cancer
early locally advanced
dysplasia
Describe stage 3 cancer
nodal involvement
no mets
tumors are over 5 cm
late locally advanced
Describe stage 4 cancer
metastasized
Multiple sites
Large
angiogenesis
Multiple drugs needed
What is a very common and painful side effect of radiation and chemotherapy
mucositis
Most common cancer in the US
skin cancer
Cancer is the __________ most common cause of death in the US
second
Folks who eat a lot of processed meats and have (pre)diabetes are at risk for what type of cancer
colorectal
what two gene mutations for breast cancer
BRcA1 and BRcA2 (Think bra)
T or F, a diagnosis of HIV is a risk factor for lung cancer
T
What virus increases risk for CNS lymphoma
Epstein Barr
What is a PET scan used for?
-test that helps reveal how your tissues and organs are functioning.
*A PET scan uses a radioactive drugs (tracer) to create 3D images of the body.
Detects cancer cells
What test will we use to determine the efficacy of colorectal cancer treatment?
CEA (carinoembryonic antigen)
A patient has numbness in extremities, loss of bladder control, loss of coordination and fatigue, which type of cancer might be suspected?
Colorectal
Spinal cord
Breast
Pancreatic
Spinal Cord
S/S of pancreatic cancer
obstructive jaundice, weight loss, deep abd pain, pruritis, courvosier's sign (jaundice & palpable nontender GB that indicates obstruction of CBD from tumor)
What phrase is used to describe follow up care after cancer diagnosis and treatment
cancer survivorship
What is the HPV vaccine called?
Gardasil
HBV vaccine
immunization required to be offered at no charge to all clinical health care workers
People over the age of ______ account for 87% of all cancer dx
50
What is the definitive test for cancer?
A biopsy with histological analysis
Pt has a high WBC they might have what two cancers?
leukemia or lymphoma
T or F, radiation therapy can cause other types of cancer
T
T or F, internal radiation is utilized over external radiation more often
F
Can a preg nurse be around a patient getting radiation?
No
Radiation works because it kills all _________ __________ cells
rapid dividing
What interventions are important for pts getting radiation therapy?
Skin care, oral care, NO ALCOHOL BASED stuff on skin cause it makes it worse
What weird taste do patients experience with radiation?
Metallic taste - plastic silverware
Most cancer patients get a _______ placement in the first three months
port
Can you use a regular needle in a portacath if you have to?
No
T or F you should check for blood return regularly during an infusion?
yes
What is a treatment for a reaction to a ressicant?
Elevate and ice
How many times do you flush the toilet in a chemo pts room?
twice with the seat down
How many gloves do you wear caring for a chemo patient?
4 (two on each hand)
What color bucket do the chemo meds go in?
Yellow
What is hair loss from chemo called medically speaking?
alopecia
What is chemotherapy?
the use of drugs to treat a disease, specific meds for specific cancers
What potential side-effect of Zofran means it shouldn't be used with a cancer patient, particularly those on chemo that might be nauseated?
QT prolongationn, many have heart problems
T or F, the hair that grows back after chemo will be different than it used to be
T
Why are patients chronically anemic from chemo and radiation?
Bone marrow damage
Why might pts on chemo and radiation have Kidney and liver disease?
Thats where the drugs are metabolized and can cause damage
What type of transplant can be used for patients with hematological cancers and bone marrow suppression
Hemtopoietic stem cell transplants
Engraftment may take _________ weeks, in terms of Hematopoietic stem cell transplants
2-4 weeks
What is pancytopenia?
deficiency of all three cellular components of the blood (red cells, white cells, and platelets).
What causes pancytopenia in cancer patients
This happens when something is wrong with the bone marrow, where blood cells are formed. Pancytopenia has many possible causes: Diseases such as cancer, lupus or bone marrow disorders. Increased blood viscosity, risk of thrombi and infarctions, bone marrow becomes fibrotic
Chemo and radiation patients are anemic and usually have thrombocytopenia, so they are on precautions similarly to patients on what kind of therapy?
anti-coag therapy
Patients immune systems will be lowest ___ - __ days after chemo or radiation
7-14
T or F, you should cohort neutropenic patients because they are both at risk for infection
F
Meticulous hand washing?
YES
What is neutropenia?
low neutrophil count
criteria for ANC
<1000
