AP World History 5.2 Flashcards

American Revolution

Movement for independence from British rule leading to new government based on Enlightenment ideals.

Declaration of Independence

Document declaring rights to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness, authored by Thomas Jefferson.

French Revolution

Uprising aimed at establishing equality and liberty, resulting in the end of monarchy and rise of republics.

Philosophes

Enlightenment thinkers advocating reason, individualism, and social reforms.

Declaration of the Rights of Man

Fundamental document asserting human rights, declared in the early French Revolution.

Reign of Terror

Period of extreme violence during the French Revolution marked by mass executions of perceived enemies.

Liberté, égalité, et fraternité

Slogan embodying revolutionary ideals of liberty, equality, and brotherhood in France.

Haiti

Nation in the Caribbean established from a successful revolt by enslaved people against colonial rule.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

Leader of Haiti's revolution; key figure in abolishing slavery and establishing an independent state.

Simón Bolívar

Venezuelan leader who played a significant role in liberating several South American countries from Spanish rule.

Lola Rodríguez de Tió

Puerto Rican poet and activist promoting independence from Spanish colonization through her writings.

Propaganda Movement

Campaign for reform and autonomy in the Philippines led by educated Filipinos abroad advocating against Spanish colonial rule.

Realpolitik

Pragmatic political approach focusing on practical outcomes rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian nationalist advocating for unification and promoting the idea of a unified Italian state.

Risorgimento

Italian nationalist movement aimed at unifying Italy in the 19th century.

Giuseppe Garibaldi

Military leader who contributed to the unification of Italy through his expeditions and revolutionary activities.

Immigration

Movement of people across borders, significantly impacting Italian demographics and society in the late 19th century.

Otto von Bismarck

German statesman instrumental in unifying Germany through strategic wars and realpolitik.

Ottomanism

Effort to create a unified national identity in the Ottoman Empire by overcoming ethnic and religious differences.

Maroons

Freed African slaves who formed independent communities, often resisting colonial powers.

Mestizos

Individuals of mixed European and Indigenous ancestry, often seeking greater social and political status.

Peninsulares

Spanish-born colonists in the Americas, enjoying higher social status than other groups.

Mulattoes

People of mixed African and European descent, often facing discrimination within the colonial social hierarchy.

Bastille

Fortress in Paris stormed during the French Revolution, symbolizing tyranny and oppression.

Italian Peninsula

Geographic region in Europe that became the focus of unification efforts in the 19th century.