Chapter 18 - Reconstruction

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50 Terms

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Scalawags
________- Southerners that cooperated.
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Reconstruction
________- Healing wounds of Civil War.
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Poll taxes
________- Unable to pay in cashless economy.
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Segregation laws
________- Banned AA from public facilities.
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Confederacy
________- Emancipate slaves + swear loyalty to Union.
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Literacy tests
________- African descent → Disallow to pass test.
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Military Reconstruction
________- Ignored by Congress.
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1863
Proposed by Abraham Lincoln
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Confederacy
Emancipate slaves + swear loyalty to Union
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Radical Republicans
Angry @ Lincoln (too lenient)
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1864
Lincolns VP
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1865
Becomes President
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1865
Ratified
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"Wave the bloody shirt"
Blame Democrats → Gain political power
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1866
RR takeover of Congress
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Charles Sumner
Leader of RR in Senate
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1868
Ratified
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Civil Rights Act of 1866
Citizen rights for freedmen
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Military Reconstruction
Ignored by Congress
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Scalawags
Southerners that cooperated
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Carpetbaggers
Northerners → South to reap benefits
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1868
Impeachment of Johnson
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1870
Ratified
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Home Rule
State govts + Democratic Party + Black Codes
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Literacy tests
African descent → Disallow to pass test
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Poll taxes
Unable to pay in cashless economy
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Segregation laws
Banned AA from public facilities
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Reconstruction
Healing wounds of Civil War
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Political battles
Democrats vs. Republicans + executive vs. legislative
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Radical Republicans
Reforms → Punish South
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Reconstruction
The period after the American Civil War from 1865 to 1877, during which the United States grappled with the challenges of reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded and determining the legal status of African Americans
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Ten Percent Plan
Specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union
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Andrew Johnson
Assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln
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Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime
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Radical Republicans
A faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from the founding of the Republican Party in 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in the Compromise of 1877
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Freedmen's Bureau
An agency of early Reconstruction assisting freedmen in the South
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Sharecropping
A system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop
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Thaddeus Stevens
One of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s
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Committee on Reconstruction
Established by Congress in December 1865 to investigate and establish conditions for seceded states to regain their congressional representation
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Fourteenth Amendment
An amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1868; extends the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as to the federal government
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Military Reconstruction Act
Divided the South into five military districts governed by previous Union generals
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Tenure of Office Act
A United States federal law in force from 1867 to 1887 that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate
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Impeachment
The process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct
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Chinese Exclusion Act
A United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years
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Louis Agassiz
A Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history
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Fifteenth Amendment
Granted African American men the right to vote
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Ku Klux Klan
A secret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed in the 19th century to resist the emancipation of slaves
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Compromise of 1877
An informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana
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Disenfranchisement
The state of being deprived of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote
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Jim Crow
State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States