Chapter 18 - Reconstruction

Scalawags

Scalawags

________- Southerners that cooperated.

Reconstruction

________- Healing wounds of Civil War.

Poll taxes

________- Unable to pay in cashless economy.

Segregation laws

________- Banned AA from public facilities.

Confederacy

________- Emancipate slaves + swear loyalty to Union.

Literacy tests

________- African descent → Disallow to pass test.

Military Reconstruction

________- Ignored by Congress.

1863

Proposed by Abraham Lincoln

Confederacy

Emancipate slaves + swear loyalty to Union

Radical Republicans

Angry @ Lincoln (too lenient)

1864

Lincolns VP

1865

Becomes President

1865

Ratified

"Wave the bloody shirt"

Blame Democrats → Gain political power

1866

RR takeover of Congress

Charles Sumner

Leader of RR in Senate

1868

Ratified

Civil Rights Act of 1866

Citizen rights for freedmen

Military Reconstruction

Ignored by Congress

Scalawags

Southerners that cooperated

Carpetbaggers

Northerners → South to reap benefits

1868

Impeachment of Johnson

1870

Ratified

Home Rule

State govts + Democratic Party + Black Codes

Literacy tests

African descent → Disallow to pass test

Poll taxes

Unable to pay in cashless economy

Segregation laws

Banned AA from public facilities

Reconstruction

Healing wounds of Civil War

Political battles

Democrats vs. Republicans + executive vs. legislative

Radical Republicans

Reforms → Punish South

Reconstruction

The period after the American Civil War from 1865 to 1877, during which the United States grappled with the challenges of reintegrating into the Union the states that had seceded and determining the legal status of African Americans

Ten Percent Plan

Specified that a southern state could be readmitted into the Union once 10 percent of its voters (from the voter rolls for the election of 1860) swore an oath of allegiance to the Union

Andrew Johnson

Assumed the presidency as he was vice president at the time of the assassination of Abraham Lincoln

Thirteenth Amendment

Abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime

Radical Republicans

A faction of American politicians within the Republican Party from the founding of the Republican Party in 1854 until the end of Reconstruction in the Compromise of 1877

Freedmen's Bureau

An agency of early Reconstruction assisting freedmen in the South

Sharecropping

A system where the landlord/planter allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a share of the crop

Thaddeus Stevens

One of the leaders of the Radical Republican faction of the Republican Party during the 1860s

Committee on Reconstruction

Established by Congress in December 1865 to investigate and establish conditions for seceded states to regain their congressional representation

Fourteenth Amendment

An amendment to the Constitution of the United States adopted in 1868; extends the guarantees of the Bill of Rights to the states as well as to the federal government

Military Reconstruction Act

Divided the South into five military districts governed by previous Union generals

Tenure of Office Act

A United States federal law in force from 1867 to 1887 that was intended to restrict the power of the president to remove certain office-holders without the approval of the Senate

Impeachment

The process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct

Chinese Exclusion Act

A United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers for 10 years

Louis Agassiz

A Swiss-born American biologist and geologist who is recognized as a scholar of Earth's natural history

Fifteenth Amendment

Granted African American men the right to vote

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society of white Southerners in the United States; was formed in the 19th century to resist the emancipation of slaves

Compromise of 1877

An informal, unwritten deal that settled the disputed 1876 U.S. Presidential election; through it Republican Rutherford B. Hayes was awarded the White House on the understanding that he would remove the federal troops from South Carolina, Florida and Louisiana

Disenfranchisement

The state of being deprived of a right or privilege, especially the right to vote

Jim Crow

State and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States