Mitochondrion, Cellular Respiration, Chloroplasts, and Photosynthesis

Flashcards covering key concepts related to mitochondria, cellular respiration, chloroplasts, and photosynthesis.

Mitochondrion

A round to oval-shaped organelle surrounded by a double membrane, responsible for producing energy (ATP) through cellular respiration.

Cellular respiration

The process by which cells convert glucose into ATP, providing energy for cellular functions.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate)

The primary energy carrier in cells, generated during cellular respiration.

Chemical equation for cellular respiration

Glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆) + Oxygen (O₂) → Carbon dioxide (CO₂) + Water (H₂O) + ATP.

Chloroplasts

Organelle found in plant and algae cells, responsible for carrying out photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis

The process in which chloroplasts capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy stored in glucose.

Light-dependent reactions

Reactions that occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts, using sunlight to produce ATP and NADPH.

Calvin cycle

The stage of photosynthesis that occurs in the stroma, using ATP and NADPH to convert carbon dioxide into glucose.

Cell membrane

A phospholipid bilayer with integral and peripheral proteins that controls selective permeability.

Selective Permeability

The property of the cell membrane that controls what enters and exits the cell, allowing certain substances to pass while blocking others.