oral cavity, larynx, and pharynx

what are the primary functions of the oral cavity

- prehension, mastication, and insalivation of food

- aggression and defense

- passageway for air (species dependent)

what are the two parts of the oral cavity

oral vestibule and oral cavity proper

oral vestibule =

vestibulum oris

what is the space between the lips and cheeks on the outside and the teeth and gums on the inside

oral vestibule

what are the two parts of the oral vestibule

lips and cheeks

what part of the oral vestibule have skin, tactile hairs, muscles, tendons, glands, and oral mucosa

lips

lips =

labia oris

what part of the oral vestibule has principle support from the buccinator m

cheeks

cheeks =

buccae

what is the rostral/lateral border of the oral cavity

dental arches

what is the dorsal border of the oral cavity

hard palate, rostral soft palate

what is the ventral border of the oral cavity

body of mandibles, mylohyoideus m, geniohyoideus m, tongue, and associated mucosa

what bones make up the hard palate

palatine, maxillary, and incisive bones

what are the transverse ridges of mucosa of the hard palate called

palatine ridges

how many palatine ridges are there usually

6-10

what is the hard palates arterial supply

major palatine a

what are the parts of the tongue

- apex (most rostral)

- body

- root (most caudal)

(intrinsic/extrinsic) muscles of the tongue are found only in the tongue

intrinsic

(intrinsic/extrinsic) muscles of the tongue originate outside of the tongue and insert into it

extrinsic

what are the mucosal reflections from the root of the tongue, just dorsal to the soft palate

palatoglossal arches

what is the tube-like midline structure on the ventral surface of the canine tongue near the apex, with no known essential function

lyssa

what nerve innervates the tongue

hypoglossal nerve (CNXII)

what is the lingual mucosa of the tongue that attaches the tongue to the oral cavity proper ventrally

frenulum

what are the mechanical/tactile papillae of the tongue

filiform and conical

what tactile papilla is most abundant and found on the body and apex of the tongue

filiform

what makes filiform papillae in cats so stiff

more keratin than other species

what tactile papillae are found near the root of the tongue

conical

what are the types of gustatory (taste) papillae

fungiform, vallate, and foliate

what gustatory papilla is smoothly rounded and located among filiform papillae

fungiform

what gustatory papilla is arranged in groups of 4-6 in a "V" shape at the junction of the root and body of the tongue

vallate

what gustatory papilla is located on the lateral margin of the root of the tongue

foliate

what suspends the tongue and larynx

hyoid apparatus

how many bones are in the hyoid apparatus

9

what bone(s) of the hyoid apparatus are unpaied

basihyoid

what bone(s) of the hyoid apparatus are paired

- sylohyoid

- epihyoid

- ceratohyhoid

- thyrohyoid

what salivary gland is just ventral to the auricular cartilage

parotid salivary gland

where does the duct of the parotid salivary gland empty

oral vestibule adjacent to teh 4th upper premolar (108+208)

what salivary gland is on the lateral aspect of the head just caudal to the angle of the mandible

mandibular salivary gland

where does the mandibular salivary gland empty

sublingual caruncle

what small salivary gland is found with the larger mandibular salivary gland

sublingual salivary gland

where does the sublingual salivary gland empty

sublingual caruncle via the major sublingual duct

what salivary gland is located ventromedial to the zygomatic arch just underneath the eye

zygomatic salivary gland

where does the zygomatic salivary gland empty

oral vestibule

what are the sublingual folds that extend caudally on either side of the lingual frenulum

sublingual caruncles

what ducts do the sublingual caruncles contain

mandibular and major sublingual ducts

what is the common passage of the respiratory and digestive systems

pharynx

what are the three regions of the pharynx

nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx

what part of the pharynx connects the nasal cavity to the rest of the pharynx and respiratory tract

nasopharynx

the nasopharynx is caudal to the

chonanae

the nasopharynx is dorsal to the

soft palate

the nasopharynx is medial to the

auditory tubes and tonsils

the nasopharynx is rostral to the

palatopharyngeal arches

what part of the pharynx connects the oral cavity to the pharynx and esophagus

oropharynx

dorsal to the oropharynx is the

soft palate

ventral to the oropharynx is the

tongue

rostral to the oropharynx are the

palatoglossal arches

caudal to the oropharynx is the

epiglottis

what is the orifice between the oral cavity and the oropharynx

isthmus faucium

where are the palatine tonsils located

oropharynx

the caudal border of the soft palate contacts the ____________

epiglottis

each side of the caudal border of the soft palate continues as

palatopharyngeal arch

what is the arterial supply of the soft palate

minor palatine a

what part of the pharynx leads to the esophagus and continues the passage for both food and air

laryngopharynx

the constrictor muscles of the pharynx are important for

swallowing reflex

what is the term for swallowing

deglutition

what happens when something makes contact with the oropharyngeal wall

gag reflex

if an animal does not have a gag reflex, what two nerves could be injured

- glossopharyngeal n (CNIX)

- vagus n (CNX)

what are the deglutition muscles of the pharynx important for

swallowing

what is the cartilaginous organ important for vocalization and inspiration/exhalation

larynx

what keeps everything but air out of the larynx

a valve

what are the four cartilages of the larynx

- epiglottis

- thyroid

- arytenoid

- cricoid

what cartilage of the larynx is paired

arytenoid

what is the epiglottis made of

elastic cartilage

the epiglottis flips (cranially/caudally) during deglutition

caudally

what cartilage is the epiglottis attached to via stalk

thyroid

what bone of the hyoid apparatus is the epiglottis attached to

basihyoid

at rest, the epiglottis sits ________ to the soft palate

dorsal

during panting, the tongue pulls to epiglottis ________

rostrally

what is the largest cartilage of the larynx

thyroid

what are the two laminae that connect at the ventral midline of the larynx (adams apple in humans)

laryngeal prominence

what parts of the hyoid apparatus is the thyroid cartilage attached to

- thyrohyoid bones

- epiglottis

- cricoid cartilage

what cartilage of the larynx forms a complete ring

cricoid

what is the cricoid cartilage attached to

- thyroid cartilage

- arytenoid cartilage

- first tracheal ring

what is the most mobile cartilage of the larynx

arytenoid

what forms the inlet of the laryngeal cavity

- epiglottis

- aryepiglottic fold

- arytenoid cartilages

what forms the outlet of the laryngeal cavity

caudal rim of the cricoid cartilage

the laryngeal cavity is continuous with the lumen of the ____________

trachea

what are the three parts of the laryngeal cavity

vestibule (upper part), glottis (middle part), infraglottic cavity (lower part)

what is the inlet of the laryngeal vestibule

laryngeal ventricles

what is contained within the glottis part of the laryngeal cavity

vocal folds, vocal processes, and rima glottidis