APUSH Period 3 Terms

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What was the Sugar Act and its significance?

A law passed in 1764 that imposed a tax on sugar and molasses imported into the colonies, aimed at raising revenue for Britain. It was significant as it heightened colonial resentment towards British taxation without representation.

What did the Currency Act of 1764 entail?

It prohibited the colonies from issuing their own paper money, which caused economic difficulties and increased tensions between the colonies and Britain.

What was the Stamp Act of 1765 and why was it important?

It required colonists to pay a tax on printed materials, leading to widespread protest and the formation of groups like the Sons of Liberty. It was important as it marked a significant escalation in colonial opposition to British rule.

What was the Proclamation of 1763?

It was issued by the British government, prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains to appease Native Americans. It was significant as it angered colonists eager for westward expansion.

What did the Quartering Act require?

It required colonial assemblies to provide housing and supplies for British troops stationed in the colonies, leading to further resentment against British authority.

What were the Virginia Resolves?

These were a series of resolutions passed by the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1765, asserting that only the colonial assemblies had the right to tax the colonies. They were significant in rallying colonial opposition to the Stamp Act.

Who were the Sons of Liberty?

They were a secret organization formed to oppose British policies and taxes, known for their protests and acts of civil disobedience, including the Boston Tea Party.

What was the Stamp Act Congress?

It was a meeting of representatives from nine colonies in 1765 to organize opposition to the Stamp Act, leading to a unified colonial response and the eventual repeal of the Act.

What were the Committees of Correspondence?

These were networks established by the colonies to communicate and coordinate resistance against British policies, playing a crucial role in uniting the colonies.

What was the Declaratory Act of 1766?

This asserted that Parliament had the right to legislate for the colonies 'in all cases whatsoever,' reinforcing British authority after the repeal of the Stamp Act.

What happened during the Boston Massacre?

This occurred in 1770 when British soldiers killed five colonists during a confrontation, fueling anti-British sentiments and propaganda.

What was the Tea Act of 1773?

This granted the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies, leading to colonial outrage and the Boston Tea Party.

What was the Boston Tea Party?

A protest in 1733 where colonists, disguised as Native Americans, dumped tea into Boston Harbor to oppose the Tea Act, symbolizing resistance to British taxation.

What were the Coercive Acts?

These acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, were punitive measures enacted in 1774 in response to the Boston Tea Party, aimed at restoring order in Massachusetts but instead uniting the colonies against Britain.

What was the Continental Congress?

This was a convention of delegates from the colonies that met in 1774 and 1775 to coordinate resistance against British rule, ultimately leading to the Declaration of Independence.

What is 'Common Sense' and its impact?

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine in 1776 advocating for independence from Britain, which significantly influenced public opinion and encouraged revolutionary sentiment.

What does 'republican motherhood' refer to?

The idea that women had a role in educating future citizens and instilling civic virtue, emphasizing the importance of women's contributions to the republic.

What were the Articles of Confederation?

The first constitution of the United States, ratified in 1781, which established a weak central government and was later replaced due to its ineffectiveness.

What was the Treaty of Paris (1783)?

This ended the Revolutionary War, recognizing American independence and establishing borders for the new nation.

What was the Land Ordinance of 1785?

This established a system for surveying and selling western lands, promoting orderly expansion and settlement.

What was the Northwest Ordinance of 1787?

This created a framework for governing the Northwest Territory and established a process for admitting new states, emphasizing the importance of education and civil rights.

What was the Annapolis Convention?

A meeting of delegates in 1786 to discuss trade and economic issues, which ultimately led to the Constitutional Convention due to the recognition of the need for a stronger federal government.

What was Shays' Rebellion (1786-1787)?

An armed uprising by farmers in Massachusetts protesting economic injustices and government policies, highlighting the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

What was the Virginia Plan?

A proposal at the Constitutional Convention for a strong national government with a bicameral legislature based on population, influencing the structure of the U.S. Constitution.

What was the New Jersey Plan?

A proposal for a unicameral legislature with equal representation for each state, countering the Virginia Plan and advocating for the interests of smaller states.

What was the Great Compromise?

This agreement, also known as the Connecticut Compromise, combined elements of both the Virginia and New Jersey Plans, creating a bicameral legislature with proportional representation in the House and equal representation in the Senate.

What is federalism?

The division of power between the national and state governments, a key principle in the U.S. Constitution.

What are checks and balances?

A system in the U.S. government that ensures no single branch becomes too powerful by allowing each branch to limit the powers of the others.

What was the three-fifths compromise?

An agreement during the Constitutional Convention that counted three-fifths of a state's slave population for representation and taxation purposes.

Who were the federalists?

Supporters of the Constitution who advocated for a strong national government and were instrumental in its ratification.

Who were the anti-federalists?

Opponents of the Constitution who feared a strong central government and advocated for the protection of individual rights.

What are The Federalist Papers?

A series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the Constitution and explaining its principles.