A Nation Divided

Ostend Manifesto

1854: ________ and Kansas Nebraska Act- Ignored the Missouri Compromise line and allowed the two territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide their "slave status "themselves.

Nullification crisis

1832: ________ (South Carolina)- South Carolina refused the new tariffs and promised to secede if the laws were attempted to be enforced.

Mexican American

1848: Territory from Mexico following ________ War- US won more territory from Mexico in the war, so the issue of slavery in these territories became a hot topic once again.

Virginia

1799: ________ and Kentucky Resolutions- The two states declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional.

Henry Clay

1850: Compromise of 1850- ________ proposed a solution to the nations problems: New Mexico had no restrictions or protections on slavery, California became a free state, Texas did not get the territory it believed it was owed but got debt relief from congress instead, DC would not abolish slavery completely until Maryland and Virginia agreed.

Kansas

1858: Debate over ________- settlers who were anti- slavery became violent as Missourians fraudulently voted in order to make ________ a slave territory, they decided that ________ becomes a state if the Lecompton constitution was accepted by voters, did not become a state until the population grew if they rejected it.

South Carolina

1833: Compromise of 1833- negotiations led to the lowering of tariffs in ________ to avoid their secession.

Fugitive Slave Act

1850: ________- This act required people to return escaped enslaved people to their masters.

Wilmot Proviso

1846: ________- Wilmot wanted territory annexed from Mexico to be non- slave states, so he proposed an amendment to do just that.

Free Soil Party

1848: ________- A new political party was formed, whose founding principle was that new territories should not have access to slavery.

13th Amendment

ended legal slavery

14th Amendment

birthright citizenship

15th Amendment

voting rights for everyone regardless of race

What was going on at the time that led to the Civil War in terms of expansion?

new states joining the country

Why was the “slave status” of new states important?

states with similar “slave status" voted along similar lines

Why were Southern states anti-federal power?

thought that the federal government would ban slavery

How did the Southern states benefit from the 3/5ths compromise?

increases their number of representatives, even though enslaved people couldn’t vote

What was controversial about Lincoln’s election?

South was extremely anti-Lincoln

What is the difference between party support now and in the 1860s?

philosophies switched, Republicans dominate the South now, Democrats dominate the North

What was the importance of Southern identity?

lifestyles were different between the two areas which drove the divide

In the opinion of the South, what was the conflict really about?

states’ rights vs federal authority

Who was doing better economically during the period before Lincoln’s election?

The North because industry was expanding which required workers so people came to find jobs

Which side’s population was growing faster during the period before Lincoln’s election?

the North

Overall, which side was faring better in the conflict?

the North

Why didn’t the South adapt and change their economy to keep up with the North?

wealthy elites would lose their status and wanted to maintain their Southern identity

How does the idea of Southern identity pull in poorer white people?

idea that the North was taking away their way of life

What about the Constitutional Convention(1787) led to the divide between the North and South?

3/5 compromise, scheduled discussion of slavery for 1808, idea of balance, failure to diversify Southern economy

What could they have done to address slavery even though it was such a hot topic?

put an expiration date on it to give people time to accept it and figure out other options

How did the Missouri Compromise further the divide between the North and the South?

created a literal boundary

Would people have listened to George Washington about emancipation/abolition?

possibly, he was well-liked and had a lot of power politically

13th Amendment

ended legal slavery

14th Amendment

birthright citizenship

15th Amendment

voting rights for everyone regardless of race

1799: Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

The two states declared the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional. They asserted that states had the right to declare laws passed by congress to be unconstitutional

1820: Missouri Compromise

Missouri has no restrictions on slavery, everything north of its southern border (not including Missouri itself) would be free territories

1828: “Tariff of Abominations”

tariffs increased further which angered the Southern states

1831: Nat Turner Rebellion

Nat Turner, an enslaved person living in Virgina, led a revolt against his master. This large

1832: Nullification crisis (South Carolina)

South Carolina refused the new tariffs and promised to secede if the laws were attempted to be enforced

1833: Compromise of 1833

negotiations led to the lowering of tariffs in South Carolina to avoid their secession

1836: Congress passes “gag rule”

democrats ignored petitions like the ones sent by abolitionists and made a rule against discussing them.

1846: Wilmot Proviso

Wilmot wanted territory annexed from Mexico to be non-slave states, so he proposed an amendment to do just that.

1848: Territory from Mexico following Mexican American War

US won more territory from Mexico in the war, so the issue of slavery in these territories became a hot topic once again.

1848: Free Soil Party

A new political party was formed, whose founding principle was that new territories should not have access to slavery.

1850: Fugitive Slave Act

This act required people to return escaped enslaved people to their masters. Many Northerners were against this act and did not adhere to it, which gave rise to the Underground Railroad.

1850: Compromise of 1850

Henry Clay proposed a solution to the nation’s problems: New Mexico had no restrictions or protections on slavery, California became a free state, Texas did not get the territory it believed it was owed but got debt relief from congress instead, DC would not abolish slavery completely until Maryland and Virginia agreed.

1853-56: Brief rise of Know Nothings

The Know-Nothings were a short-lived political party who opposed immigration. They nominated Millard Filmore against John Charles Fremont and James Buchanan in the election of 1856. Buchanan was the eventual winner.

1854: Formation of Republican Party

Republican party was built by Northern Whigs and anti-slavery democrats. The founding principle was that new slave states should not be admitted to the country as states.

1854: Ostend Manifesto and Kansas Nebraska Act

Ignored the Missouri Compromise line and allowed the two territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide their "slave status" themselves.

1856: Violence on Senate floor (beating of Charles Sumner)

anti-slavery senator beaten by a pro-slavery representative over an anti-slavery speech made by the former.

1857: Dred Scott decision

Dred Scott travelled from Missouri to Illinois with his master. Some argued that he was free because he had lived on slavery-free land for many years, but the supreme court shot down this argument and decided that he was to remain enslaved.

1858: Debate over Kansas

settlers who were anti-slavery became violent as Missourians fraudulently voted in order to make Kansas a slave territory, they decided that Kansas becomes a state if the Lecompton constitution was accepted by voters, did not become a state until the population grew if they rejected it. They finally decided to reject it.

1859: John Brown raid on Harper’s Ferry

John Brown and his companions took over an arsenal owned by the government in order to arm a revolt among enslaved people.

1860, Dec 18: Crittenden Compromise

Crittenden plan wanted protections for slavery and slave states in the constitution, and wanted these amendments to not be able to be changed themselves. The plan was eventually rejected by the senate’s Republicans.

1860, Dec 20: South Carolina secedes

The secession was Lincoln’s first problem to deal with as president, and it was a big one. He needed to decide whether or not to resupply the union holding of Fort Sumter, the consequences being war or SC leaving the union.

1861, Feb: Confederacy begins

The seceded states decided to band together to form their own new nation, the Confederate States of America, whose government was based off of the US Constitution, but prohibited the banishment of slavery.