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-about improving health of the people and achieving health equity for all.

GLOBAL HEALTH

transcend national borders and usually have global impact on politics and economics.

Global health issues

--need interprofessional and interagency cooperation from the public and private sectors

GLOBAL HEALTH

-It requires global cooperation in response, planning, prevention and care that reflects health equity issues among countries.

GLOBAL HEALTH

(Global burden of disease study)

2016

-2016 (Global burden of disease study)

-non-communicable diseases(NCD)- 72.3%

-communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNN)-19.3%

-injuries-8.4%

There is a global shift from premature mortality from CMNN towards death at older ages for causes such as

cardiovascular diseases, ishemic stroke, and neoplasms.

There is a declining rates of CMNN across different levels of sociodemographic index (based on

average income per capita, educational attainment, and total fertility)

GLOBAL HEALTH ISSUES

❑In some locations, there are increased deaths from

causes such as

drug abuse disorders and conflict

and terrorism.

This shift reflects the need for health systems to prepare for improving workforce capacity and higher cost of effective treatments of chronic conditions and new challenges brought by c

conflict and terrorism and climate change-related issues.

pose significant implications for nursing, as nurses are at the forefront of healthcare delivery and play a crucial role in addressing these challenges.

Global Health Issues

are at the forefront of healthcare delivery and play a crucial role in addressing these challenges.

nurses

infectious or contagious diseases

Communicable Diseases

can be transmitted from one person to another, typically through direct or indirect contact.

Communicable Diseases

caused by microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi.

Communicable Diseases

COVID−19, influenza, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STIs

Communicable Diseases

example of Communicable Diseases

COVID−19, influenza, tuberculosis, HIV/AIDS, STIs

Communicable Diseases caused by microorganisms such as

bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi

Communicable Diseases -Effective measures

• vaccination, hygiene practices, and quarantine

Communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNN)

❑ Decreased as a leading cause of death, brought about by the reductions in deaths caused by

HIV/AIDS,MALARIA,TUBERCULOSIS AND DIARRHEAL DISEASES.

decreased by 45.8% ( from1.91 million to 1.03million)

HIV

Expansion of ART and prevention of M-C transmission program. (2016)

HIV

what year xpansion of ART and prevention of M-C transmission program

2016)

decreased by 20.9%

TUBERCULOSIS

decreased by 24.2%

DIARRHEA

decreased by 25.9%,

MALARIA

decreased by 75.9%

MEASLES

decreased by 54.1%

LEISHMANIASIS

decreased by 14.7% (2006-2016)

INTESTINAL INFECTIOUS DISEASE

only neglected tropical disease with a significant increase in cause- specific mortality with an 81.8% with total death of 37,800 in 2016.

DENGUE

causes of death decreased globally in terms of total deaths between 2006 and 2016.

All MATERNAL AND NEONATAL

All MATERNAL AND NEONATAL causes of death decreased globally in terms of total deaths between

2006 and 2016.

Issues

infectious diseases, pandemics, health disparities, and humanitarian crisis

- require nurses to possess a global perspective, cultural competence, and the ability to adapt and respond effectively to diverse healthcare needs and contexts

Issues

In 2016, the largest number of deaths were caused by :

1. Cardiovascular Disease (17.6 million deaths)

11. Neoplasms Diseases (8.93 million deaths)

111. Chronic Respiration Disease (3.54 million deaths).

IV. Lung cancer and breast cancer (1.71 million deaths

17.6 million deaths)

Cardiovascular Disease

8.93 million deaths

Neoplasms Diseases

(3.54 million deaths).

111. Chronic Respiration Disease

(1.71 million deaths

IV. Lung cancer and breast cancer

NJURY

− 2016: total injury deaths 1.80 million deat

• Falls: 678k deaths

• Drowning: 302k deaths

• Exposure to mechanical forces: 155k deaths

UNINTENTIONAL INJURY

• Transport injuries: 1.44 million deaths

Interpersonal violence: 1.21 million deaths

o physical violence = 41.2%

• Self−harm: 8.26%

shifting, with more rapid declines in Communicable, Maternal, Neonatal, and Nutritional (CMNN) conditions compared to NCDs and injuries

GLOBAL HEALTHCARE TRENDS

GLOBAL HEALTHCARE TRENDS

− shifting, with more rapid declines in

Communicable, Maternal, Neonatal, and Nutritional (CMNN) conditions compared to NCDs and injuries

what year United Nations General Assembly adopted the SDGs, which aim “to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.”

2015

adopted the SDGs, which aim “to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.”

United Nations General Assembly

United Nations General Assembly adopted the SDGs, which aim

“to ensure that all human beings can fulfill their potential in dignity and equality and in a healthy environment.”

• Thereare___goalsand____targeteducators

17, 169

GOOD HEALTH AND WELL−BEING

SDG 3

SDG 3

—GOOD HEALTH AND WELL−BEING

• Ensurehealthylivesandpromotewell−beingforall at all ages

SDG 3—GOOD HEALTH AND WELL−BEING

• covers the unfinished MDGs and newer challenges such as NCDs, health security, tobacco and injuries

SDG 3—GOOD HEALTH AND WELL−BEING

is linked to around 50 health−related targets across the SDGs.

SDG 3

These SDGs include

core health targets, contribute to health and well− being and commit to "leave no one behind.”

SDG 3 is linked to around 50 health−related targets across the SDGs. These SDGs include core health targets, contribute to health and well− being and commit to "leave no one behind.” what are those 6

1. Extreme poverty

2. Vulnerability to economic, social & environmental

shocks and disasters

3. Malnutrition

4. Violence against women and girls

5. Sexual reproductive health and rights Safe and secure working environment Housing and basic services

6. Air quality, waste management in cities Climate−related hazards and natural disasters.

Nurses play a crucial role in achieving these goals through their diverse contributions in healthcare.

• promote health and well−being

• provide essential care and support to individuals and

communities

• advocate for equitable access to healthcare contribute to

research and policy−making for sustainable healthcare systems.

2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development:

health as a central component of development

means that all individuals and communities receive the health services they need without suffering financial hardship.

WHO' s view of (UHC)

where everyone has access to essential quality health services without facing financial hardship

healthcare system

UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

AIM:

improve health outcomes, promote equity, and reduce financial barriers to healthcare.

a vital role in implementing UHC, providing care, advocating for policy changes, and addressing healthcare challenges

NURSES

UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

LEAD:

better health, reduced disparities, and financial stability for households, but challenges like funding and infrastructure development need to be addressed

UHC progress is monitored using TWO INDICATORS:

1. Health service coverage—proportion of population that can access essential quality health services

2. Financial protection—... spends a large amount of household income on health.

proportion of population that can access essential quality health services

. Health service coverage

spends a large amount of household income on health

Financial protection

WHO (2019) uses 16 essential health services in 4 CATEGORIES as indicators of the level and equity of coverage in countries:

1.Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH): family planning, antenatal and delivery care, full child immunization and health− seeking behavior for pneumonia

2. Infectious diseases: tuberculosis treatment, HIV antiretroviral treatment, hepatitis treatment, use of insecticide−treated bed nets for malaria prevention and adequate sanitation

3. Noncommunicablediseasesthatincludeservices for prevention and treatment for raised blood pressure and blood glucose, cervical cancer screening and tobacco smoking

4. Service capacity and access to basic hospital and health worker services, essential medicines and healthsecurity

family planning, antenatal and delivery care, full child immunization and health− seeking behavior for pneumonia

1.Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH):

1.Reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health (RMNCH):

family planning, antenatal and delivery care, full child immunization and health− seeking behavior for pneumonia

tuberculosis treatment, HIV antiretroviral treatment, hepatitis treatment, use of insecticide−treated bed nets for malaria prevention and adequate sanitation

2. Infectious diseases:

2. Infectious diseases:

tuberculosis treatment, HIV antiretroviral treatment, hepatitis treatment, use of insecticide−treated bed nets for malaria prevention and adequate sanitation

includeservices for prevention and treatment for raised blood pressure and blood glucose, cervical cancer screening and tobacco smoking

Noncommunicable diseases

WHO (2019) FACTS ABOUT THE CURRENT GLOBAL HEALTH SCENARIO:

1. At least half of the population still do not have full coverage of essential health services

2. About 100 million people are still being pushed into extreme poverty because have to pay for healthcare

3. Over 930 million people or around 12% of the world's population spend at least 10% of their household budgets to pay for health care.

Philippines: UHC and SDG Country Profile (WHO 2018) reports the following overall progress:

1. slightlybelow−averagecoverageforcertainessentialservices.

- stands out with high coverage for reproductive, maternal, newborn, child health services, and some communicable disease prevention measures

2.Estimates of the financial burden for health showed that 1.4% of the population incurred high out−of−pocket health payments

3.Major challenges remain in infectious disease prevention and control and in−service capacity and access

strengthening as a significant and purposeful

effort to improve the system's performance and should embody the intermediary objectives of the national health policies, plans and strategies which are quality, equity, efficiency, accountability, resilience and sustainability

health system

ealth system strengthening as a significant and purposeful

effort to improve the system's performance and should embody the intermediary objectives of the national health policies, plans and strategies which are

quality, equity, efficiency, accountability, resilience and sustainability

who is health system strengthening as a significant and purposeful

effort to improve the system's performance and should embody the intermediary objectives of the national health policies, plans and strategies which are quality, equity, efficiency, accountability, resilience and sustainability

Kieny et al. (2017)

SIX BUILDING BLOCKS:

1. Leadership/Governance

2. Health Information Systems

3. Financing

4. Health workforce

5. Medical products and technologies

6. Service delivery

Evolving approach to healthcare that originated from the

Alma-Ata Declaration in 1978.

approach to health and well−being centered on the needs and circumstances of individuals families, communities, Plan, and through an overarching commitment to advance gender equality and support the delivery of global public goods comprehensive and interrelated, physical, mental social, and health well-being.

WHO (2019):

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE BASED ON THREE COMPONENTS:

Ensuring people's health problems are addressed through comprehensive, promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care throughout the life course.

Systematically addressing the broader determinants of health

Empowering individuals, families, and communities optimize their health

Ensuring people's health problems are addressed through comprehensive, promotive, preventive, curative, rehabilitative and palliative care throughout the life course.

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Systematically addressing the broader determinants of health

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

Empowering individuals, families, and communities optimize their health

PRIMARY HEALTH CARE

• Playasignificantcontrolinachievingsustainabledevelopment, goals by coordinating global efforts, mobilizing resources, and fostering among members of states.

GLOBAL HEALTH PLAYERS

• Builds on existing mechanism, including country platform for achieving the SDGs and the ongoing process of reform in the United Nation development system

GLOBAL ACTION PLAN (WHO,2019)

GLOBAL ACTION PLAN (WHO,2019)

• Builds on existing mechanism, including country platform for achieving the SDGs and the ongoing process of reform in the United Nation development system. Their commitment are:

Engage with countries better to identify priorities , plan and implement together.

Accelerate progress in countries through joint action under seven accelerator themes set out in the plan, through and overarching commitment to advance gender equality and support the delivery of global public goods .

Align by harmonizing operational and financial strategies and policies

Account by reviewing progress and learning together to enhance shared accountability.

UNICEF

United Nations Children’s Fund

Lifecycle based approach in all work, recognizing the particular importance of early childhood development and adolescence.

UNICEF — United Nations Children’s Fund

A global development agency engaged in finding innovative solution in global health, including new ways to prevent, diagnose and treat diseases more quickly, cheaply, and effectively, in low− and middle− income countries.

UNITAD

UN Woman

United Nations Entry for Gender Equality and the Empowerment of Woman

A global champion for women and girls, UN Women was established to accelerate progress on meeting their needs worldwide

UN Woman

Supports countries' efforts to achieve universal health coverage and provide quality, affordable health services to everyone− regardless of their ability to pay−reducing the financial risks associated with ill health and increasing equity.

World Bank Group

WFP

World Food Programme

Leading humanitarian organization saving lives and changing lives, delivering food assistance in emergencies, and working with communities to improve nutrition and build resilience.

WFP — World Food Programme

Founded in 1948, WHO works to promote health, keep the world safe and serve the vulnerable. Its goal is to ensure that by 2023, a billion more people have universal health coverage; a billion more people are protected from health emergencies; and further billion people achieve better health and wellbeing

The World Health Organization (WHO)

WHO hosts the

Global Action Plan Secretariat.

The Vaccine Alliance

Gavi

Public private partnership committed to saving children's lives and protecting people's health by increasing equitable use of vaccines in lower income countries.

Gavi, The Vaccine Alliance

committed to saving children's lives and protecting people's health by increasing equitable use of vaccines in lower income countries.

Public private partnership

GFF

The Global Financing Facility (GFF) for Women, Children and Adolescents

Multi−stakeholder partnership that supports efforts to tackle the greatest health and nutrition issues affecting women, children and adolescents in low and lower middle−income countries around the world.

The Global Financing Facility (GFF) for Women, Children and Adolescents