Anatomical Terminology

How does the sagittal plane split the body?

left and right

How does the coronal plane split the body?

front and back

How does the transverse plane split the body?

in half (at a point)

What plane is this cut across?

sagittal plane

What plane is this cut across?

coronal plane

What plane is this cut across?

transverse plane

What is superior and inferior?

• superior- closer to head (above)

• inferior - closer to feet (below)

• only for trunk

What is anterior and posterior?

• anterior - in front of

• posterior - behind

What is lateral and medial?

• lateral - away from midline of body

• medial - towards midline of body

What is proximal and distal?

• proximal - closer to trunk

• distal - further from trunk

• for arms and legs

What is deep and superficial?

• superficial - closer to body surface

• deep - more internal

1. The wrist is ______________ compared to the fingers.

proximal

2. The chin is _________________ to the mouth.

inferior

3. The ribs are ______________ compared to the lungs.

superficial

4. The vertebrae are ________________ compared to the sternum.

posterior

5. The fibula is __________________ compared to the tibia.

lateral

6. The ankle is _________________ compared to the thigh.

distal

  7. The patella is __________________ compared to the femur.

anterior

8. The heart is ______________ compared to the intestines.

superior

9. The nose is ________________ compared to the eyes.

medial

10. The brain is _________________ compared to the skull.

deep

What is the acromial region?

bony, highest part of shoulder

What is appendicular region?

extremeities and pelvis

What is axial?

core of body, trunk and head

What is the costal region?

ribs and sternum

What is the coxal region?

hip region

What is the hallux?

big toe

What is the pollex?

thumb

What is the umbilical region?

central area of abdomen

What are the words for the parts of the cephalic (head) region?

• forehead

• eyes

• nose

• cheek

• mouth

• chin

• frontal

• orbital

• nasal

• buccal

• oral

• mental

What is the cephalic region?

head

What are the words for the parts of the thoracic region?

• armpit

• breast

• chest

• sternum

• axillary

• mammary

• pectoral

• sternal

What is the abdominal region?

abdomen

What is the pelvic region?

hip and groin

What is the inguinal region?

groin

What is the cervical region?

neck

What are the words for the parts of the upper extremities (arms) region?

• shoulder

• arm

• front of elbox

• elbow

• forearm

• wrist

• back of hand

• hand

• palm

• finger

• shoulder - deltoid

• arm - brachial

• front of elbow - antecubital

• elbow - olecranal

• forearm - antebrachial

• wrist - carpal

• back of hand - dorsum of hand

• hand - manus

• palm - palmar

• finger - digital

What are the words for the parts of the cephalic (head) region?

• surrounding brain

• back of head

• ear

• cranial

• occipital

• auricular

what is the vertebral region?

spinal column

What is the abdominal region?

abdomen

What is the sacral region?

between butt cheeks

What is the gluteal region?

buttock

What is the perineal region?

anus basically

What are the words for the parts of the lower extremities (legs) region?

• thigh

• kneecap

• posterior of knee

• leg

• calf

• heel

• sole of foot

• thigh - femoral

• kneecap - patellar

• posterior of knee - popliteal

• leg - crural

• calf - sural

• heel - calcaneal

• sole of foot - plantar surface

What are the words for the parts of the pes (foot) region?

• ankle

• front of foot

• toe

• tarsal

• dorsum of foot

• digital

What is the thoracic region?

axillary (armpit), mammary, pectoral, and sternal region

What cavity is this?

cranial cavity (head)

What is the dorsal body cavity?

cranial and vertebral cavity, encloses brain and spinal cord

What is the vertebral cavity?

encloses spinal cord

What cavity is in purple?

thoracic

What is the thoracic cavity?

above diapghram, contains heart and lungs,

What is the abdominal cavity?

stomach, liver, intestines, kidney, etc.

What is the pericardial cavity?

surrounds and protects heart

What is the pelvic cavity?

in pelvis, has bladder, reproductive organs, rectum

What is the oblique plane?

angled plane

what is the pleural cavity?

each lung

What are the four basic types of tissue and their general functions?

• epithelial - line and protect, form gland, protection, absorption

• muscle - movement

• nervous - internal communication

• connective - connects structures, provides suppot

How is epithelial tissue categorized?

• simple - 1 layer

• stratified - 2+

• squamos - flat

• cubodial

• columnar

What is this?

simple cubodial

What is this?

simple columnar epithelial

what is this?

PCCE

what is this?

stratified squamos epthitelial, keratinized

what is this?

stratified squamos epthitelial, keratinized

what is this?

stratified squamous epithelial, non-keratinized

What is this?

Aerolar CT

what is this?

simple squamos epithelial

What is simple squamous epithelial

• 1 layer sheet

• 1 nuclei in each

what is simple cubodial epithelial?

• single layer of cells, as tall as wide

• nucle in middle

• absorption and secretion

• kidney tubules, endocrdine glands

what is simple columnar ET?

• taller than wide

• regulated absorption and secretion

• lining of digestive tract

• nuclei more basal

What is PCCE?

• found in upper airway,s helps protect and move mucus

• all cells attached to basement membrane, don’t all reach apical surface

• lots of goblet cells

• cilli on apical surface

What is stratified squamous ET, keratinized?

• 2+ later squamous cells with keratin on apical side (no nuclei in keratin)

• found on skin

• surface cells are squamos

• protective

What is stratified squamous ET, non-keratinized?

• 2+ later flat epithelial cells with no ketain

• protective

• not on skin, found in mouth, esophagus, vagina

• nuclei extend to edge

What are the three major components of connective tissue?

• cells

• protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic)

• ground substance

What is CT proper and what are the types of CT proper?

• loose (fewer fibers, more ground substance)

• dense (more fibers, less ground substance)

What are the types of CT proper and how do you identify them?

• aerolar (loose) - mostly fluid, smaller collagen fibers and bundles. lots of fibroblasts.

• aidpose (loose) - far, nuclei pushed to sides, looks like blobs

• reticular (loose) - lymph nodes and spleen

• dense regular CT - little ground matrix, collagen fibers in parallel; ligaments and tendons

• dense irregular CT - large bundles of collagen in multiple diretions; deep dermis

• elastin CT - trachea, vocal chords; dense CT

What is aerolar CT and how do you identify it?

• binds tissues together

• mostly fluid, smaller collagen fibers and bundles. lots of fibroblasts

What is adipose CT and how do you identify it?

• fat

• nuclei pushed to sides

• white blobs

Where is reticular loose CT?

lymph nodes and spleen

What is dense regular CT and how do you identify it?

• ligaments and tendons

• collagen fibers in one direction

• little ground matrix, occasional fibrolasts

What is dense irregular CT and how do you identify it?

• dense CT

• collagen fibers in many directions, little ground matrix

• found in deeper dermis

• looks like marbled steak

What and where is Elastin CT?

• dense proper CT

• found in trachea and vocal chord blood vessels

What are fibroblasts?

cells in CT that produce fibers