Lifespan Psychology

Development

Progressive series of changes in structure, function and behaviour patterns that occur over the lifespan of a human being

Physical development

Height, weight or hormonal changes as a result of reiteration (changes in the body)

Cognitive development

Growth + maturity of thinking perceiving, remembering, problem solving, imagining, and reasoning

the development of mental abilities throughout the lifespan

Social Development

Gradual aquisition of certain skills, eg, language, interpretation, skills, attitudes relationships and, behaviour that enables the individual to interact with others and function as a member of society

Emotional Development

A gradual increase in the capacity to experience, express and interpret the full range of emotions and the ability to cope with them appropriately

estimated age groups

prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and old age

Milestones

Each age depends on whats acceptable within a society/culture

marriage or retirement

Social Construct

something that is guided by social rules and norms, than a distinct biological age

Physical development changes

puberty, old age

Cognitive development changes

Fears, child is scared of a monster while a teens fears become more sophisticated and realistic.

Social and Emotional Developmental Changes

infants cry when they need something

when older we understand social rules and situation changes, able to regulate emotions, express emotions influenced environment and society

Adaptive plasticity

DEPENDENT ON ENVIRONMENT

The ability of the brain ti change, adapt and grow throughout life as a result of new experiences

Neural plasticity

Synapses in the brain to be modified the way the brain changes in response to stimulation from environment which is important for learning

Developmental plasticity

The development and consolidation of neural pathways in babies, children and adults, the ability of synapses to he modified

Brocas Aphasia

Impairment of language caused by damage to the brain, usually a stroke. most common is brocas aphasia LEFT FRONTAL LOBE

difficulty:-expressing words/sentences. -understanding/comprehension is largely unaffected

Non fluent speech, pauses between words, speech is broken, laboured. mispronounced words

anomia

partial or complete loss of the ability to recall names, may have trouble finding and naming the right words

aggramatism

Speech lacks grammar, speech doesn’t follow grammatical rules, lacks syntax

Wernickes Aphasia

The difficulty understanding written or spoken language. LEFT TEMPORAL LOBE

speech is fluent to a casual listener, anomia, non sense words used, meaningless, mispronounced words, difficulty understanding and producing written and spoken language

Proliferation

The first stage, the rapid increase in the number of cells, particularly during the prenatal development phase, where neurons are formed.

Maternal Deprivation

A hypothesis that suggests the continual attachment disruption between infant and caregiver which causes cognitive, social and emotional difficulties. Bowlby initially thought the effects to be permanent and irreversible

Result from the critical period (0-2yrs)

Evolutionary Perspective

Infants and mothers have evolved a biological need to stay in contact with each other for the infant to grow and have children of their own to continue the species

Social releases such as: Crying, cooing, smiling. Social releasers are specific to humans

Attachment behaviours are innate /instinctive

Attachment

Lasting psychological and emotional bond between an infant and primary caregiver

Critical Periods

A stage in life when an organism is especially open to specific learning/emotional/socialising •2.5yrs

Sensitive periods

A stage where development of a particular shall or characteristic can be acquired quickly. doesn't permanently affect development but makes it more difficult

Up to 5 yrs, attachment can still develop but not as strong/ secure

Monotropy

Innate need to attach to ore main attachment figure, the primary bones with a mother is more important then any other

Internal working model ①

Others as Trustworthy

Internal working model ②

Self as valuable

Internal working model ③

Self as effective when interacting with others

Enriched environments

Environment provides basic needs for development exposure to stimuli positively contributes to the growth + development of the undivided

Deprived environments

Environment that lacks basic needs , the individual is not exposed to stimulation that allows normal growth and development

Centration

Tendency to focus on one aspect of a situation and often neglect the other possibly relevant aspect

Conservation

Concrete operational

Children are able to understand that certain properties of an object stay the same despite changes in appearance, measurement, volume, mass

Classification/seriation

To organise objects or events into categories based on common features

Schema

Basic building blocks of intelligence

Action schemata

Born with basic schemata for survival such as sucking, grasping, reflexes

Assimilation

Process of taking in new information and fitting it into/making it apart of a pre- existing mental idea

Accomodation

Changing a pre-existing mental idea to fit new information

Equilibrium

Assimilation and accomodation are interrelated, an ongoing balance between the two

The state experienced when existing schemata can account for new into

Disequilibrium

The state experienced ween existing schemata is unable to account for new information