microbiology chapter 1 powerpoint

Micro

Minutes, can’t see with naked eye

Bio

Life

Ology

Study of microscopic organisms

Two types of cells

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic

Prokaryotic

Before nucleus

Lack nucleus, nuclear membrane

Lack mitochondria and Golgi apparatus

Have 70S ribosome structure

External (prokaryotic)

Appendages, Flagella, Pili, Fimbriae, Glycocalyx, capsule, slime layer

Cell envelope (parts of prokaryotic)

Outer membrane, cell wall, cell membrane

Internal (parts of prokaryotic)

Cytoplasm, ribosomes, inclusions, nucleoid/chromosome, actin cytoskeleton, endospore

Eukaryotic

Normal nucleus and organelles

Have 80S ribosome structure

External (part of eukaryotic)

Appendages, flagella, cilia, glycocalyx, capsules, slimes

Boundary of cell (parts eukaryotic)

Cell wall

Cytoplasmic membrane

Internal (parts of eukaryotic)

Cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles, ribosomes, cytoskeleton

Nucleus (parts of eukaryotic)

Nuclear envelope, nucleolus, chromosomes

Organelles (parts of eukaryotic)

Endoplasmic reticulum - ribosomes

Golgi apparatus - lysosomes

Mitochondria

Chloroplasts

Cytoskeleton (parts of eukaryotic)

Microtubules

Microfilaments

Size of microorganisms

Range from 10nm (smallest virus) to 3-4 mm (Protozoa)

Most microbes : 10nm to ųm

mm-10^-3

Ųm-10^-6

nm-10^-9

Bacteria

Most widely studied group

Ubiquitous

Prokaryotic

Unicellular

Cell wall- largely composed of peptidoglycan

Bacteria (examples)

Staphylococcus aureus

Borrelia

Escherichia coli

Helicobacter pylori

Fungi

All absorbed ready- made nutrients from environment

Eukaryotic

Cell wall- primarily chitin

Fungi (examples)

Yeast

Candida albicans

Pneumocystis carinii

Dermatophytes

Protozoa

Eukaryotic, unicellular, no cell wall

Protista kingdom

Trophozoites- feeding stage

Produce cysts - resting, protective stage

Classified by means of locomotion

Amoebas, Diatoms, Euglena

Helminths

During some stages of their life their cycle, they are microscopic

Helminths (examples)

Roundworms-larval migrans

Tapeworms

Pinworms

Heartworms

Viruses

Acellular

Only reproduce inside cells of other organisms

Have only one nucleic acid: DNA or RNA

Viruses (examples)

Ebola

West Nile

Chicken pox

Hepatitis

(1)Microbiology: Good vs Bad

Bad

Cause disease

Pathogens=microbes that cause disease

(2)Microbiology: Good

Bioremediation

Clean up pollutants or restore stability

Degrade dead matter and materials

Degrade sewage, decaying animals, landfills

Clean up oil spills

(3)Microbiology: Good

Wines

Cheeses

Yogurt

Pickles

(4)Microbiology: Good

Make antibiotics and other drugs such as insulin, growth hormone, erythropoietin

GI digestion and synthesis of vitamins (K,B)

(5)Microbiology: Good

Insect pest control

Bacillus thuringiensis: protein crystals are toxic to insects, used for crop pest control

Gene therapy

Recombinant DNA technology

Cystic fibrosis

Stain removers for clothing

Historical Root- leprosy

Isolated from society

Considered unclean

Hasen’s disease

(1)Spontaneous generation theory

Certain living things arose from vital forces present in non living or decomposing matter

Spontaneous (examples)

Maggots evolve from meat

Mice evolve from piles of litter

Mushrooms evolve from rotting wood

(2) Spontaneous generation theory

John Needham (1745)

Heated mutton broth

Heated and un heated mutton broth

Experimental error: don’t kill resistant endospores

(3) spontaneous generation theory

Disproving the theory

Francesco Redi (1668)

Meat in open and covered containers

Maggots come from fly eggs

(4) spontaneous generation theory

Disproving the theory

Jablot, Shultze, Schwann, Schroeder, VanDusch, Spallazani

Work criticized for lack of aid or use of chemicals that interfered with vital force