Anatomy Lab - Bones

two types of osseous tissue

compact bone and spongy bone

types of bone classification

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones

long bones (classification)

cylindrical; shaft with two ends (femur, phalanges)

short bones (classification)

cube shaped (tarsals, carpals)

flat bones (classification)

thin and curved (some skull, scapula, ribs)

irregular bones (classification)

complex shape (vertebra, facial bones)

spongy bone

A

compact bone

B

osteocyte in lacuna

(name the structure indicated by the pointer)

lamella

(what is indicated by the lines?)

central canal (bone slide)

(dark spot in the middle)

osteon

(whole structure)

canaliculi

striations between lamella

bone formation zones (5 total)

resting zone, proliferation zone, hypertrophic zone, calcification zone, ossification zone

resting zone

A

proliferation zone

B

hypertrophic zone

C

calcification zone

D

ossification zone

E

what happens in the proliferation zone?

chondrocytes undergo mitosis

what happens in the hypertrophic zone?

older cells enlarge

what happens in the ossification zone?

new bone forms

what is found in the resting zone?

hyaline cartilage

axial skeleton

includes skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage

coronal suture

1

parietal bone

2

temporal bone

3

squamous suture

4

external acoustic meatus

5/6

mastoid process

7

frontal bone

8

sphenoid bone

9

nasal bone

10

lacrimal bone

11

zygomatic bone

12

maxilla

13

mandible

14

mandibular notch

15

zygomatic process

16

coronoid process

1

mental foramen

2

mandibular body

3

condylar process

4

occipital bone

5

lambdoid suture

6

sagittal suture

1

parietal bone (posterior view)

2

lambdoid suture (posterior view)

3

parietal bone

4

occipital bone (posterior view)

5

nasal bone (anterior view)

1

superior orbital fissure

2

zygomatic bone (anterior view)

3

inferior nasal concha

4

maxilla (anterior view)

5

frontal bone (anterior view)

6

supraorbital foramen

7

sphenoid bone (anterior view)

8

middle nasal concha

9

infraorbital foramen

10

vomer

11

ethmoid bone (crista galli)

1

sphenoid (lesser wing)

2

foramen ovale

3

foramen magnum

4

ethmoid bone (cribriform plate)

5

sphenoid - sella turcica

6

foramen lacerum

7

jugular foramen

8

occipital bone (superior view)

9

sphenoid - greater wing

1

lamboid suture (superior view)

2

incisive fossa

1

median palatine suture

2

vomer (inferior view)

3

styloid process (skull)

4

foramen magnum (inferior view)

5

occipital bone (inferior view)

6

occipital condyle

7

carotid canal

8

foramen lacerum (inferior view)

9

zygomatic process (inferior view)

10

palatine bone

11

maxilla - palatine process

12

frontal sinus

cavity within frontal bone

sphenoid sinus

cavity within sphenoid bone

maxillary sinus

cavity within maxilla

hyoid bone

(held together with tendons and ligaments)

atlas

(C1; top vertebra)

axis

(C2; under atlas)

atlas transverse foramen

(highlighted area)

atlas superior articular facet

(highlighted area)

atlas anterior tubercle

(highlighted area)

atlas posterior tubercle

(highlighted area)

atlas inferior articular facet

(where arrow is)

axis dens (odontoid process)

(highlighted area)

axis spinous process

(highlighted area)

cervical vertebrae (C1-C7)

(has 3 foramen)

spinous process (cervical vertebra)

1

superior articular process (cervical)

2