Ch. 8 | Substance-Related & Addictive Disorders

addiction

impaired control over the use of a chemical substance despite the harmful consequences it causes

alcoholism

alcohol addiction or dependence resulting in serious personal, social, occupational, or health problems

amphetamine psychosis

a psychotic state characterized by hallucinations and delusions, induced by ingestion of amphetamines

amphetamines

a class of synthetic stimulants that activate the nervous system, producing heightened states of arousal and feelings of pleasure

meth abuse increasing

similar symptoms to schizophrenia

barbiturates

sedative drugs that are depressants with high addictive potential

depressant

a drug that lowers the level of activity of the nervous system

used legally in sleeping pills, tranquilizers, alcoholic beverages

abused in Xanaz, Valium

withdrawal can be fatal

detoxification

the process of ridding the system of alcohol or other drugs under supervised conditions

endorphins

natural substances that function as neurotransmitters in the brain and are similar in their effects to opioids

short for endogenous morphine

gambling disorder

an addictive disorder characterized by a pattern of habitual gambling and impaired control over the behavior

hallucinogens

substances that cause hallucinations

often work as serotonin, glutamate agonists

bad trip may lead to paranoia, panic attack

heroin

a narcotic derived from morphine that has strong addictive properties

internet addiction disorder (IAD)

a type of nonchemical addiction characterized by excessive or maladaptive use of the Internet

marijuana

most widely used illegal drug

derived from the plant Cannabis sativa

active ingredient -THC

doesn’t bring about true hallucinogenic effects

can interfere with short-term memory

methadone

a synthetic opiate that doesn’t produce a pleasurable high when used properly

can avert withdrawal symptoms in people with heroin addiction when they stop using heroin

morphine

a strongly addictive narcotic derived from the opium poppy that relieves pain and induces feelings of well-being

naltrexone

a drug that blocks the high from alcohol as well as from opiates

narcotics

drugs that are used medically for pain relief but that have strong addictive potential

physiological dependence

compulsive use of a substance to meet a physiological(bodily) need

psychological dependence

emotional/attentional compulsion to keep using a drug

not just for substances but for experiences (gambling, sex, etc.)

stimulants

psychoactive substances that increase the activity of the nervous system as dopamine agonists

legal in cigarettes, treatment of ADHD

illegal in amphetamines, cocaine

substance induced disorder

a category of substance-related disorders induced by using psychoactive substances

substance intoxication

a type of substance-induced disorder characterized by repeated episodes of intoxication

substance use disorders

substance-related disorders characterized by maladaptive use of psychoactive substances

patterns of usage and loss of control over usage

substance withdrawal

a type of substance-induced disorder characterized by a cluster of symptoms following the sudden reduction or cessation of use of a psychoactive substance after physical dependence has developed

tolerance

a condition wherein the drugs leads to progressively less of an effect

often leads to intake of larger quantities

withdrawal syndrome

a cluster of physical and psychological symptoms that arises following abrupt withdrawal from use of a psychoactive substance

synergistic effect

multiply effects of similar drugs used together

antagonistic action

taking opposing types of drugs can lead to buildup of toxic levels of one type as it doesn’t get properly metabolized

ex: taking stimulant, depressant drugs

mental set

what you expect it to do

can lead to placebo effect

cirrhosis

liver disease

Korsakoff’s syndrome

cognitive disorder from alcoholism

amnesia

Wernicke’s disease

cognitive disorder from alcoholism

delirium and tremors, balance

fetal alcohol syndrome

range of birth defects and developmental issues that can occur when a pregnant woman consumes alcohol

cocaine

most widely abused illegal stimulant

opiates

pain drugs second only to marijuana in abuse rates

relieves pain in legal use (oxycodone, hydrocodone, morphine, Fentanyl)

mimics effect of natural endorphins

severe physiological withdrawal

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)

powerful psychedelic drug that intensifies thoughts, emotions, and sensory perception

antagonist drugs

antabuse (disulfram)

inhibits metabolism of alcohol, taste aversion

narcan

naloxone

for opiate overdose

first responders use

tension reduction

the reduction of stress or discomfort

removal of withdrawal symptoms reward continued drinking via negative reinforcement

social learning

emulation of parents, peers

seeing benefits in others, wanting to experience for ourselves

self-control training

involves use of diaries to become aware of usage patterns and triggers

cue exposure method

progressive exposures to train to refuse alcohol

self-efficacy expectancies

cognitive perspective

stimulants enhance belief in our abilities

psychodynamic perspective

alcoholism and smoking are manifestations of oral fixation

alcoholics anonymous

global, peer-led mutual-aid fellowship focused on an abstinence-based recovery model from alcoholism through its spiritually inclined twelve-step program