Metabolism (Anabolism vs Catabolism) + Carbohydrates + Lipids + Proteins

What is metabolism?

All chemical reactions in the body

What is anabolism?

Chemical reactions that combine small molecules into more complex molecules

What does anabolism need?

Needs ATP

What is catabolism?

Chemical reactions that break down large molecules into simpler ones

What does catabolism release?

energy or ATP

What is oxidation reduction reaction?

a reaction that involves the transfer of electrons between reactants

What is it called when electrons and hydrogen atoms are lost from a molecule then energy is released?

Catabolic reaction

What is reduction?

gain of electrons or hydrogen ions then energy must be required called an anabolic reaction.

What are carbohydrates?

sugars and starches

What are examples of carbohydrates?

Sugars (Monosaccharides and Disaccharides) and Starches (Polysaccharides)

How is glucose a monosaccharide?

because it is one of the simplest forms of a carbohydrate

What is our body's preferred energy source?

carbohydrates because they are the easiest to break down which is glucose

What does insulin in the pancreas do?

will increase insulin uptake

What is glucose stored as?

glycogen

where is glycogen stored?

liver and muscles

What happens to excess glucose?

gets turned into glycogen

What is the process called where glucose gets turned into glycogen?

Glycogenesis

where does glycogenesis occur?

liver and skeletal muscle

What are glycogens?

formation and creating of glycogen

What is carb loading?

the process of increasing the amount of glycogen stored in the body prior to a race or competition

Where is this stored in the body?

liver and skeletal muscles

What happens when cells need more glucose between meals?

glycogen is converted back into glucose by glycogenolysis

What is glycogenolysis?

breakdown of glycogen to glucose

What happens when glycogen storage is full?

glucose is converted to fat by liver and adipose cells

What are lipids?

fats and oils

Whare are lipids considered?

second energy source for long term storage

How are lipids made?

glucose is burned and lipids are stored

Why are lipids necessary?

1) Plasma membrane

2) Blood clotting

3) Nerve impulse conduction

4) Cholesterol

5) Bile salts and steroid hormones

Metabolism Catabolism

triglycerides break down into fatty acids and glycerol

Metabolism anabolism

cells produce some fatty acids but most get others from plants essential to fatty acids

how are lipoproteins transported?

transports lipids through blood to cells

What does LDL mean?

low-density lipoprotein

What are LDLs?

bad cholesterol from liver to tissues

Why is LDL bad?

can end up as plaque inside arteries

What does HDL mean?

high-density lipoprotein

What are HDLs?

good cholesterol returns excess to liver for storage removal

Why do we need proteins?

used to build body structures

What kind of body structures do proteins make?

enzymes, hemoglobin, hormones, collagen, keratin and muscles

Metabolism Catabolism in Proteins?

proteins form warn out cells can be broken down into amino acids and can be reused or used for energy

Metabolism Anabolism for Proteins?

new proteins are formed by ribosomes in the endoplasmic reticulum of cell directed by RNA and DNA

Human Body's require how many amino acids?

20

10 and 10 of what

essential and non- essential

What are essential amino acids?

Humans can not produce them

What are non- essential amino acids?

Humans produce by own cells