Chemistry 2- The periodic table

Who is Dimitri Mendeleev?

A Russian Chemist, who published a Periodic table with gaps in 1869.

What is the Periodic Table?

The table which organises the 118 elements based on atomic structure.

What is an isotope?

Two atoms with the same number of protons and electrons but a different number of neutrons.

What is a metal?

An element which loses electrons to form a positive charge.

What is a non-metal?

An element which gains electrons to form a negative charge.

What is an ion?

An element with a positive or negative charge.

What are the physical properties of group one elements?

\-Soft

\-Low density

What are the chemical properties of group one elements?

\-Reacts vigorously with water

\-Releases hydrogen

What is the symbol equation for group one elements reacting with water? (Sodium as an example)

2Na + 2H₂O → 2NaOH + H₂

What is the word equation for group one elements reacting with water? (Sodium as an example)

Sodium + Water → Sodium Hydroxide + Hydrogen

What are the trends in group one elements?

More reactive as you go down, outermost electron further form the nucleus do its easier to lose.

What are the physical properties of group 7 elements?

\-Low melting point

\-Exist as a pair (Cl₂)

What are the chemical properties of group 7 elements?

\-React with group one metals to form compounds

\-Can carry out displacement reactions

What is the word equation for group 7 displacement reactions? ( Sodium Bromide and chlorine as an example)

Sodium Bromide + Chlorine → Sodium Chloride + Bromine

What are the trends in group seven elements?

\-Higher melting point as you go down the group (higher molecule mass)

\-Less reactive as you go down the group

What are the physical properties of group zero elements?

\- Low melting/ boiling points

\-Eight electrons in outer shell (except helium)

What are the chemical properties of group zero elements?

Unreactive, as they have a full outer shell

What are the trends of group zero elements?

Higher melting point and boiling point as you go down the group ( due to increase in density)

Where are metals found in the periodic table?

On the left hand side

John Dalton’s periodic table

\-He came up with law of triads

\-He ordered the elements by their atomic mass

John Newland’s periodic table

\-He came up with the law of octaves

\-He ordered the elements by their atomic weight

\-Noticed that every eighth element had similar properties

\-He assumed all the elements had been discovered

\-He filled his octaves even though some weren’t similar

Dmitri Mendeleev’s periodic table

\-He grouped the 63 known elements with similar properties into columns

\-He left gaps for undiscovered elements and predicted what their properties might be

\-He arranged by atomic weight

What is the state symbol for solids?

(s)

What is the state symbol for liquids?

(l)

What is the state symbol for gases?

(g)

What is the state symbol for aqueous solution?

(aq)

What colour is fluorine at room temperature?

Colourless

What colour is chlorine at room temperature?

Yellow

What colour is bromine at room temperature?

Red/Brown

What colour is iodine at room temperature?

Purple/Black