Studied by 4 peopleAnorexia nervosa
________: An eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image and maintenance of unusually low body weight.
Incentives
________ are rewards that can motivate behavior.
Motivation
________: A process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal.
Emotional appraisal
________: Evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation.
Estrus
________: Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat.
Attribution
________: The act of assigning cause to behavior.
Growth
________ needs include the drive toward self- actualization, or the need to fulfill our potential.
Opponent process theory
________: States that strong emotions tend to be followed by the opposite emotional state; also the strength of both emotional states changes over time.
Self determination theory
________: Proposes that needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are critical motivational needs.
Physical changes
________ associated with emotion are caused by activity in the autonomic nervous system and (ANS)
James Lange
________ theory: The proposition that bodily arousal leads to subjective feelings.
Paul Ekman
________ argued that there are at least six basic emotions: surprise, happiness, sadness, anger, disgust, and fear.
Androgen
________: Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone.
Incentive
________: A reward or other stimulus that motivates behavior.
Cannon
________- Bard theory: The proposition that thalamus activity causes emotions and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously.
Drives
________ for stimulation are partially explained by arousal theory, which states that an ideal level of bodily arousal will be maintained if possible.
three way classification
In the ________ of motives, biological motives refer to those that must be met for survival.
Estrogen
________: Any of a number of female sex hormones.
internal deficiency
Need: A(n) ________ that may energize behavior.
Kinesics
________: Study of meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language.
Emotions
________ can be expressed through multiple channels, or modalities.
Bulimia nervosa
________: A disorder marked by excessive eating followed by inappropriate methods of preventing weight gain.
physiology
The four basic aspects of emotion are experience (feelings), ________, expression, and cognitions.
Amygdala
________: A part of the limbic system associated with the rapid processing of emotions; especially fear.
Circadian rhythm
________: A 24- Hour biological cycle found in humans and many other species.
Alexithymia
________: A learned difficulty expressing emotions, more common in men.
Yerkes Dodson
________ law: A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance.
Schacter
________ and Singers two- factor theory also brings in the cognitive aspect of the motion, and emphasizes that all motion emerges when we experience physiological arousal open (first factor) and then use cognitive attributions label the bodily arousal (second factor) as a particular emotion.
Hunger
________ is influenced by a complex interplay of internal factors that include the body set point, fullness of the stomach, blood sugar levels, metabolism in the liver, and fat stores in the body.
Homeostasis
________: The steady state of body equilibrium.
Hypothalamus
________: A small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs.
Pain avoidance
________ is an episodic drive.
Subjective well
________- being: General life satisfaction, combined with frequent positive emotions and relatively few negative emotions.
BTEs
________ share a common belief that emotions are brief states that arise after cognitive appraisals of events, and involve broadly distinct expressions, Physiology, and behavior; As a result, common they believe that emotions fall into broad categories.
Taste aversion
________: An active dislike for a particular food.
Sex drive
________: The strength of ones motivation to engage in sexual behavior.
Personal private emotional experiences
________ are most obvious component of emotions.
Non homeostatic drive
________: A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states.
Drive
________: A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst, that arises from an unmet need.
Adaptive behaviors
________: Actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions.
explanatory style
Your ________ (the way that you evaluate the events that you experience) has three components: pervasiveness (to the extent to which you believe the event can impact others areas of your life), permanence (the extent to which you believe the conditions will last), and the extent to which the events reflecting that are personal (that is, how much they reflect your unchanging characteristics versus changeable circumstances)
Biological preparedness
________ (to learn): Organism are more easily ale to learn some associations (e.g., food with illness) than others (e.g., flashing light with illness)
Social motives
________: Learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture.
distinct episodes
Occurs in ________ when bodily damage takes place or is about to occur.
Response
________: Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior.
Text anxiety
________: High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance.
Hunger levels
________ are affected by both internal bodily factors and external environmental and social factors.
Polygraph
________: A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "lie detector,
Cultural values
________ affect the incentive value of foods.
Behavioral dieting
________: Weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habits, rather than temporary self- starvation.
Motivation
A process that arouses, maintains, and guides behavior toward a goal
Need
An internal deficiency that may energize behavior
Drive
A state of bodily tension, such as hunger or thirst, that arises from an unmet need
Response
Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior
Goal
The target or objective of motivated behavior
Incentive
A reward or other stimulus that motivates behavior
Self-determination theory
Proposes that needs for competence, autonomy, and relatedness are critical motivational needs
Intrinsic motivation
Desire to engage in a behavior based on internal rewards
Extrinsic motivation
Motivation that comes from outside of the person
Hierarchy of needs
Maslows classification of human motivations by order of importance from basic biological function to self-actualization
Basic needs
The first four levels of needs in Maslows hierarchy; lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs
Growth needs
In Maslows hierarchy, the higher-level needs associated with self-actualization
Biological motives
Innate motives based on biological needs
Stimulus motives
Innate needs for stimulation and information
Learned motives
Motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals
Homeostasis
The steady state of body equilibrium
Sex drive
The strength of ones motivation to engage in sexual behavior
Estrus
Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat
Estrogen
Any of a number of female sex hormones
Androgen
Any of a number of male sex hormones, especially testosterone
Non-homeostatic drive
A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or body need states
Circadian rhythm
A 24-Hour biological cycle found in humans and many other species
Extracellular thirst
Thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells
Intracellular thirst
Thirst triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells due to an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cells
Hypothalamus
A small area of the brain that regulates emotional behaviors and basic biological needs
Set point (for fat)
The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating
Taste aversion
An active dislike for a particular food
Biological preparedness (to learn)
Organism are more easily ale to learn some associations (e.g., food with illness) than others (e.g., flashing light with illness)
Behavioral dieting
Weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habits, rather than temporary self-starvation
Anorexia nervosa
An eating disorder characterized by a distorted body image and maintenance of unusually low body weight
Feeding and eating disorder
A problem managing food intake that manifests itself in forms such as a life-threatening failure to maintain sufficient body weight
Bulimia nervosa
A disorder marked by excessive eating followed by inappropriate methods of preventing weight gain
Arousal theory
Assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal
Yerkes-Dodson law
A summary of the relationships among arousal, task complexity, and performance
Text anxiety
High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance
Social motives
Learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture
Need for achievement
The drive to excel in ones endeavors
Need for power
The desire to have social impact and control over others
Opponent-process theory
States that strong emotions tend to be followed by the opposite emotional state; also the strength of both emotional states changes over time
Emotion
A feeling state that has physiological, cognitive, and behavioral components
Mood
A low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
The system of nerves carrying information to and from the internal organs and glands
Amygdala
A part of the limbic system associated with the rapid processing of emotions; especially fear
Polygraph
A device for recording heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "lie detector,"
Guilty knowledge test
A polygraph procedure involving testing people with facts that only a guilty person could know
Adaptive behaviors
Actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions
Kinesics
Study of meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language
Emotion regulation
Altering expression such that the emotion being displayed does not accurately reflect the one that is being experienced
Alexithymia
A learned difficulty expressing emotions, more common in men
Emotional appraisal
Evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation
Note
Flashcard