Properties of Acids and Bases

Flashcards covering the properties of acids and bases, their reactions, and related concepts.

What taste do aqueous solutions of acids have?

Sour taste.

What color changes do acids induce in indicators?

Warm colors such as red, orange, and yellow.

What gas is produced when acids react with metals?

Hydrogen gas (H2).

What is formed when an acid reacts with a base?

Salt and water.

What is the pH of an acidic solution at 25°C?

pH < 7.

What do acids produce when dissolved in water?

Hydronium ions (H3O⁺) or hydrogen ions (H⁺).

What is a binary acid?

An acid made of two elements, one of which is hydrogen.

Give an example of a monoprotic acid.

HBr or HNO3.

What characteristic do organic acids possess?

They contain carbon (C) in their chemical formula.

What is a diprotic acid?

An acid that contains two acidic hydrogens.

What do bases taste like in aqueous solutions?

Bitter taste.

What color changes do bases induce in indicators?

Cool colors such as green, blue, and violet.

How do bases affect the feel on skin?

They feel slippery and can be caustic to skin/tissues.

What is the pH of a basic solution at 25°C?

pH > 7.

What do bases produce when dissolved in water?

Hydroxide ions (OH⁻).

What is the Arrhenius definition of acids?

Acids are substances that contain hydrogen and produce H⁺ in aqueous solution.

What condition defines an acidic solution?

[H⁺] or [H3O⁺] > [OH⁻].

What defines a weak electrolyte?

It partially dissociates in solution, represented by a double arrow (↔).

How does the Bronsted-Lowry theory define acids and bases?

Acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.

What is usually the result of a neutralization reaction?

The formation of water and a salt.

What is the pH range for human blood to remain stable?

pH 6.8 to 7.8.

Explain what an indicator is.

A compound or mixture that changes color at certain pHs.

What happens to pH during hypoventilation?

Blood pH decreases, leading to acidosis.

Where are the three major buffer systems found in the human body?

Carbonic acid/bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer systems.

What is the equation representing the autoionization of water?

H2O (l) ↔ H⁺ (aq) + OH⁻ (aq).

What happens to the concentration of ions in water at 25°C?

[H⁺] = [OH⁻] = 1.0 x 10⁻⁷ M.