APUSH - HP 3 Quick Review

French & Indian War (1754–1763)

Britain vs. France for Ohio River Valley; Britain wins, gains debt, ends salutary neglect

Proclamation of 1763

Forbade settlement west of Appalachians; colonists angry, ignored rule

Stamp Act (1765)

Tax on paper goods; colonists protest “No taxation without representation”

Townshend Acts (1767)

Taxes on imports; sparked boycotts and colonial resistance

Boston Massacre (1770)

British soldiers killed 5 colonists; used as Patriot propaganda

Boston Tea Party (1773)

Colonists dumped British tea; Britain responds with Coercive Acts

Common Sense (1776)

Pamphlet by Thomas Paine urging independence; swayed public opinion

Declaration of Independence (1776)

Written by Jefferson; inspired by Locke; listed grievances against Britain

Battle of Saratoga (1777)

American victory; convinced France to openly ally with colonists

Treaty of Paris (1783)

Ended Revolutionary War; recognized U.S. independence; Mississippi River = boundary

Articles of Confederation (1781–1789)

First U.S. government; weak central power; could not tax or enforce laws

Northwest Ordinance (1787)

Success of Articles; plan for new states, banned slavery in Northwest Territory

Shays’ Rebellion (1786)

Farmers in debt rebelled; showed weakness of Articles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention (1787)

Created stronger federal government; included Great Compromise and 3/5 Compromise

Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists

Federalists supported Constitution; Anti-Federalists feared tyranny and demanded Bill of Rights

Bill of Rights (1791)

First 10 amendments; added to protect liberties and appease Anti-Federalists

Washington’s Farewell Address (1796)

Warned against political parties and foreign alliances

XYZ Affair (1797–1798)

French demanded bribes from U.S. diplomats; sparked anti-French feelings

Alien & Sedition Acts (1798)

Restricted speech and immigrant rights; criticized as abuse of power

Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798)

Jefferson and Madison argued states could nullify unconstitutional laws

Hamilton’s Financial Plan (1790s)

National Bank, assumption of state debts, excise taxes; strengthened federal gov’t, opposed by Jefferson

Republican Motherhood

Belief women should teach civic virtue to children; gave women indirect political role, raised education opportunities

Pinckney’s Treaty (1795)

Spain opened Mississippi River to U.S.; boosted western trade and settlement

Jay’s Treaty (1794)

Britain agreed to leave Northwest posts; unpopular, deepened party splits