Romantic, gothic and transcendentalist terms/movements

Stanza

A group of lines that develops an idea

Simile

Comparison of 2 things using like or as

Personification

Object, animal, idea is given human characteristics

Rhyme

Occurrence of similar or identical sounds at the end of 2+ words

Rhyme scheme

Pattern of end rhymes in a stanza/poem, makes words memorable and is used to empathize important words

Slant rhyme

Non-exact rhyme, approximate rhyme

Meter

Repetition of a regular rhythmic unit in a poetry line, each unit is known as a foot, stressed syllable and 1-2 unstressed syllable/s

Line

Core unit of a poem, line length is a essential element of a poems meaning and rhyme

Symbol/symbolism

Person/place/object with a concrete meaning itself and also stands for something beyond: idea or feeling

Metaphor

Figure of speech that compares two things in common

Tone

Authors attitude towards a subject

Theme

Main idea, underlying message or central idea/point the author wants to get across, usually inferred

Diction

Word choice (vocab and syntax)

Allusion

Indirect reference to a person/place/event or literary work that the author believes the reader will be familiar with

Onomatopoeia

Word use that imitates a sound

Assonance

Repetition of vowel sounds within words (rhyme)

Enjambment

Continuation of a sentence across a line break

Alliteration

Repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words

Essay

Nonfiction work expressing a writers personal views on a subject

Paradox

A statement that appears to contradict itself but suggests important truth

Imagery

Vivid impressions that appeal to an audiences senses

Anecdote

Short accounts of personal incidents

Foreshadowing

Writers use of hints or clues to indicate events that will occurs in a story, creates suspense and at the same time prepares the reader for what is to come

Characterization

Details a writer uses to develop the characters

Direct characterization

What the writer sates explicitly about the character

Indirect characterization

What the writer infers about the character through actions, descriptions and dialogue

Narrator

Person or voice telling the story, story is from their perspective, might be an active participant in the story (first person) or a voice from outside the events of the story (third person)

Setting

Where and when a story takes place

Allegory

A story that’s meant to teach a lesson, many people/objects/setting elements are symbolic, moral or lesson at the end

Suspense

Excitement or tension that readers feel as they become involved in a story and eagerly await the outcome

Mood

Feeling or atmosphere that a writer creates for the reader, connotation, imagery, figurative language, sound and rhyme and descriptive details

Imagery

Descriptive words and phrase that a writers uses to re-create sensory experiences, appeals to the five senses, helps reader imagine what the characters and experiences are like

Satire

Literary technique whee foolish ideas/customs and ridiculed for the purpose of improving society, gently witty, mildly abrasive or bitterly critical

Romanticism movement

-1800-1060s

-involved art, music and literature

-celebrated the glories of the individual, possibilities of the imagination and the human and nature connection

-influenced by the frontier, national optomism, experimentalization, immigration and northern industrialization

-fireside poets

Gothic movement

-didn’t see humans as good, explored forces that motivated behavior, supernatural and fantasy elements

-remote settings, looking into the past for wisdom, imaginative plots, 1D characters that represent qualities/personality traits

-themes: fear and suspense, bizarre situations, dark settings

-characters: fatally flawed and exagerated

Transcendentalism movement

-1835-1855

-truth beyond reason and experience, people are good and should follow their beliefs, human, nature and god are interconnected

-simple life, close relationship with nature, celebrated emotion and imagination, stressed individualism and self reliance, believed intuition to lead to knowledge and spiritual well being over financial

-against puritan empathis on material wealth and rigid societal laws

-Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau

-influenced: civil rights movement, abolitionism and gave optimism to keep fighting the civil war