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Lesson 2: The Bible
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1
Locus of Authority
Lies beyond the documents, in God/Jesus Christ, not in the community or personal interpretation.
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2
False Loci of Authority
Community traditions, reconstructed Jesus, personal experiences, or social ideologies.
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3
Biblical Authority
Shapes life rather than validating human experience; interpreted by the Magisterium for Catholics.
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4
Scripture’s Authority
Creates reality, focusing on religious and existential truth, not scientific or historical facts.
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5
Canon
The official list of inspired books recognized by the Church as authoritative for faith and morals.
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6
Oral Tradition
For decades, Jesus' words were preserved orally before being written down.
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7
Formation of the Gospels
Many gospels were written, but only four were included in the canon.
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8
Irenaeus (180 AD)
Established the standard of four gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John).
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9
Criteria for Canonicity
Early date, liturgical use, apostolic authorship, and consistency with the Rule of Faith.
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10
Paul’s Letters
Collected and read at Sunday Eucharist, forming a core part of Christian scripture.
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11
Muratorian Fragment (180 AD)
First known list of New Testament books, confirming four gospels.
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12
Canon Fixed (400 AD)
The 27 books of the New Testament were officially recognized by the Church.
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13
Septuagint (LXX)
Greek translation of the Old Testament used by early Christians.
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14
Council of Trent (1546)
Defined the Catholic Old Testament with 46 books.
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15
Biblical Inspiration
The Bible is inspired by God, meaning God influenced the authors but did not dictate word-for-word.
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16
2 Timothy 3:16
States that "All Scripture is inspired by God", referring to the Old Testament.
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17
2 Peter 1:21
Describes biblical authors as “moved by the Holy Spirit”.
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18
Theories of Inspiration
Various models explaining how God inspired the Bible, from direct dictation to human cooperation.
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19
Verbal Dictation Theory
Belief that God directly dictated the words of Scripture to the authors.
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20
Instrumental Causality (Aquinas)
God is the primary author, while human writers are instrumental authors.
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21
Subsequent Approbation Theory
Suggests a book becomes inspired only after the Church approves it (not accepted by the Church).
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22
Negative Assistance Theory
God only intervenes to prevent errors but does not dictate the content.
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23
Rahner’s Social Inspiration
The Bible is inspired as part of God’s founding of the Church.
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24
Biblical Inerrancy
The Bible is without error in matters of faith and salvation, but not necessarily in historical or scientific details.
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25
Dei Verbum 11 (Vatican II)
Declares that Scripture teaches “firmly, faithfully, and without error” what is necessary for salvation.
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26
Common Literary Devices in Scripture
Poetry, figures of speech, folklore, legend, paradox, and compressed narratives.
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27
Eastern vs. Western Thought in Scripture
Biblical authors were Oriental (Eastern), meaning they thought differently from Western Scholastic logic.
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28
Finality of the Canon of Trent
The canon is fixed, but lost apostolic books (if found) would not automatically be considered inspired.
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29
New Testament Writing Timeline
50-100 AD, with Pauline epistles being the earliest writings.
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30
Jewish-Roman War (66-70 AD)
Affected early Christian communities, possibly leading to the loss of some writings.
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