DIGM 1300 EXAM 1

digital media

the creative convergence of digital arts, science, technology and business for human expression, communication, social interaction and education

ACA (Adobe certificate associate)

Entry level skills to plan, design, build and maintain effective communication using different forms of digital media

ACE (Adobe certified expert)

Expert level

Naming conventions

set of rules used in naming files and folders

Naming convention

Custom

• Collaborative work

• Naming practice: authors name, initial, some numbering and version

• Underscore to connect or upper and lower case words

• Empty spaces are discouraged

Social Engineering

tricking users into providing information in the belief that a request is legitimate

Keylogger

software that tracks keyboard use and transmits it to

be used for illegal purposes

Virus

a program that infects a computer without the permission or knowledge of the owner. usually attaches itself to executable programs, allowing it to travel to other computers. requires action by the computer user in order to activate them.

Worm

form of virus that doesn’t require any action by the computer user. spreads by using the email functions of the computer. action overwhelms web servers, often shutting them down.

spyware

captures information from a computer without the user’s knowledge or consent

trojan horse(aka trojan)

appears to be useful but instead allows access to a computer without the user’s knowledge or consent

adware

delivers advertising without the user’s knowledge or consent

rootkit

desgined to keep a computer user from knowing the computer system has been infected by malware

Lock-ins

double-check function; save function; keeps operation active and prevents someone from prematurely stopping it

Lock-outs

prevents someone from entering a space

Phishing

social engineering activity where the perpetrator uses a fake website or email to trick a user into providing personal information or passwords

AUP – acceptable use policy

Tools organizations use to encourage digital safety and

appropriate use

Intellectual Property

legal concept that protects a creative work just as if it were a physical property

Copyright

Legal means of establishing ownership of an intellectual property

Royalty

a fee paid to the person who owns the copyright on a creative work when it is used by someone else

Trademark

A word, phrase, or image used to identify something as a product of a particular business

Legacy Problem

standard design influences lack of changes

Skeumorphic design

Technical term for incorporating old, familiar ideas into new technologies, even though they no longer play a function role.

Paint Programs

create images by using pixels(or picture elements)

Drawing Programs

use vectors or lines to produce an image

Raster-based paint programs

create images by assigning each pixel to a point on a grid of x and y coordinates

BMP(bitmap)

Usually placed in word processing documents

File sizes are often quite large

usually limited to 256 colors because they do not use compression

JPG(Joint Photographic Experts Group)

Use up to 16 million colors

Reproduce the quality, color and detail found in photographs or graphics using blends and gradients

most digital cameras save photographs as this

most common nonnative raster file format in use today

GIF(Graphics Interchange Format)

Compressed and use only 256 colors

File sizes are quite small

suitable for line drawings, images with transparent backgrounds and animated figures

small and work on many platforms

commonly used in web page design

TIF(Tagged Image File Format)

bitmap file type that works well in all enviroments

files are quite large

can show 16 million colors

often used in print documents

some digital cameras can save photographs in this format

PNG(Portable Network Graphics)

retains 16 million colors and supports transparency

becoming more common

often used to replace GIF files partly because of the increase in available

colors while remaining a small file size

EPS(Encapsulated PostScript)

general purpose vector file format that has both vector image data and screen preview in the same file

most commonly used for printing purposes

SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics)

example of an open source image

vector graphic format deisgned specially for use on the Web created using HTML code

popular choice for mobile devices because of it’s small file size

Compression

the process of reducing the size of the image

Lossy compression

reduces the size of an image file by removing information that is not essential

Lossless compression

does not change any pixel data

Benefits of Digital Camera

Reviewability

• Deletion

• Reusability

• Decrease in cost

• Transferring images

DSLR > Point and Shoot

better image quality

more adaptability

faster performance

more manual control

“what you see is what you get”

Point and Shoot > DSLR

less expensive

more portable

easier to use

Megapixel

unit of measure equal to one million pixels

number of megapixels indicates the maximum image resolution of a camera

Optical Zoom

camera lens physically moves

no impact on resolution

pixels are unchanged by zooming

Digital Zoom

sensor crops area around your subject and enlarges subject to fill frame

makes up pixels based on information in existing pixels and adds them to image

can be fuzzy or distorted

.JPG

most common file for digital cameras

can set quality of jpeg file as high, medium or low

higher quality jpegs take up more memory but give you better results

drawback of jpeg= lossy compression

editing choices of jpeg are limited because jpeg images are processed inside camera

raw file format alternative

elements of design

line, shape, color and lighting

principles of composition

unity, balance,perspective, emphasis

Framing

use of elements within a scene to visually surround the subject and draw attention to it

Leading Lines

actual or suggested lines in an image that draw a viewer’s eye through an image in a specific direction

front lighting

comes from behind the camera

least amount of shadows

side lighting

light is directed from either left side or right side

creates lots of shadows and highlights

back lighting

light shines from behind subject

lost in shadow

Perspective

makes items look larger, closer, smaller and/or farther away

angles

shooting from low angles makes subjects appear bigger

shooting from high angles diminishes a subject: physically move around

shutter speed

measured rate at which camera lens opens and closes

ISO

standardized measurement of speed with which camera stores images; speed at which the film captures an image

aperture

indicates size of camera lens opening

aperture(pt 2)

how wide the lens is opened determines the amount of light that comes in; consequently determines the depth of field

aperture settings are measured in F- numbers/ F-stop/ F-ratio

larger F stop value allows less light in; smaller F stop lets more light in

larger F stop means everything is clear; smaller F stop will make background appear fuzzy

Color Model

group of colors identified in a way that computers can understand

3 most common color models

RGB, CMYK, HSB

RGB

Red, Green, Blue

CMYK

Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black

HSL

Hue, Saturation, Lightness

HSV

Hue, Saturation, Value

Primary Colors

basic color that cannot be created by mixing other colors

Secondary Colors

color created when 2 primary colors are mixed

Additive color mixing

combining three different colors of light at different intensities to produce a whole range of colors

RGB Color Model

a color model that uses red, green and blue primary colors plus different intensities of light to create colors on an electronic display like a computer screen

RGB Triplet

combination of numbers indicating light intensity for the red, green and blue primary colors in the RGB color model and representing a certain color within the model

Color Wheel

visual representation of primary, secondary and tertiary colors.

Tertiary Color

color created when a primary and secondary color are mixed

Hue

refers to the general color expressed by a value between O and 360 degrees, colors on a color wheel

Shade

hue mixed with black

Tint

hue mixed with white

Tone

when gray is mixed with hue

Grayscale

a range of grays

complementary colors

hues opposite each other on the color wheel are complementary colors. In RGB model, blue and yellow

analogous colors

hues next to each other on a color wheel

color and meaning

colors can produce different impressions, vary based on age,gender,culture and personal experience

color harmony

a cohesive and pleasing combination created by a group of colors

pantone matching system (pms)

a standard set of colors and associated inks that make it easy to reproduce a color in printed material consistently

typeface

a collection of designed letters, numbers and other characters created by a designer

font

within a typeface, a set of characters within a specific style

descender

part of a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline, as in the letter “y”

serif

typefaces with small decorative strokes or “feet” at the ends of the main strokes that define each letter

sans serif

typefaces with no serifs

ascender

the part of a letter that extends above the x-height,as in the letter “f”.

baseline

the imaginary line on which the typeface sits

x-height

the height of the lowercase letter x in a given font

tracking

the amount of space between characters

leading

the amount of space between lines of text

kerning

adjusting the space between two characters to improve appearance and credibility

widow

when the last line of a paragraph falls by itself as the first line of the next page or column

orphan

when the first line of a paragraph falls by itself at the bottom of a page or column or when a single word or part of a word falls by itself on the last line of a paragraph

em-dash

punctuation symbol that resembles a hyphen but is noticeably longer (normally the width of the capital letter M in the font and point size in which it is formatted); indicates a break in thought, similar to parentheses.

en dash

punctuation symbol that resembles a hyphen but is longer (normally the width of a capital N in the font and point size in which it is formatted); used in ranges of numbers, letters, or dates.

cues given

intentionally selected by individual to form an impression

cues given off

unintentionally or naturally forthcoming from individual’s presence or behavior

cues filtered out(cfo)

social presence theory

reduced social context cues

media richness

non-deterministic approaches

social identification or deindividualization

social information processing

hyper-personal model

media richness theory

optimal match between equivocality of a communication task and the richness of the medium

richness of the medium

multiplicity of cues

availabilty of feedback

message personalization

language variety