CH 9 Endocrine and Nervous Systems

aden/o

gland

adren/o

gland

adrenal/o

adrenal glands

adrenalectomy

excision of the adrenal glands

calc/o

calcium

hypocalcemia

deficiency of calcium in blood

gluc/o

sugar, sweetness

glyc/o

sugar, sweetness

glucogenesis

formation of glucose

hyperglycemia

excessive glucose in blood

pancreat/o

pancreas

pancreat/o

pancreas

parathyroid/o

parathyroid glands

pituitar/o

pituitary glands

hypopituitarism

condition of inadequate levels of pituitary hormone in the body

thym/o

thymus gland

thyr/o

thyroid gland

thyroid/o

thyroid gland

toxic/o

poison

-dipsia

thirst

trophy

development, nourishment

thyromegaly

enlargement of thyroid gland

hypertrophy

excessive development, nourishment

glucogenesis

forming sugar

polydipsia

much thirst

neurohypophysis

hypophysis composed of nervous tissue

adenohypophysis

hypophysis composed of glandular tissue

gigantism

tall, oversized person

dwarfism

short, undersized person

ACTH

adrenal cortex; promotes secretions of some hormones by the adrenal cortex, especially cortisol

FSH

ovaries in females-- stimulates egg production; increases secretion of estrogen// testes in males-- stimulates sperm production

GH; Somatotropin

bone, cartilage, liver, muscle and other tissues-- stimulates somatic growth; increases use of fats for energy

LH

ovaries in females-- promotes ovulation; stimulates production of estrogen and progesterone; testes in males-- promotes secretion of testosterone

prolactin

breast-- promotes lactation in conjuction with other hormones

TSH

thyroid gland-- stimulates secretion of thyroid hormone

ADH

kidney- increase water reabsorption

oxytocin

uterus-- stimulates uterine contract; breast -- promotes milk secretion from the mammary glands

acr/o

extremity

acromegaly

gradual, marked enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw

myxedema

resulting from advances hypothyroidism in the adult

thyroxine

increase energy production from all food types, increased rate of protein synthesis

graves disease

most common form of hyperthyroidism

goiter

enlargement of the thyroid gland

exophthalmos

bulging of the eyes

glucocorticoids

body cells- promotion of gluconeogenesis; regulation of carboyhydrate, protein, fat metabolism

mineralocorticoids

kidneys-- increased blood levels of sodium and decreased blood levels

sex hormones

androgen, estrogen, steroid hormones

epinephrine

sympathetic nervous system target organs; hormone effects that mimic sympathetic nervous system activation

pancreatolithiasis

abnormal condition of a pancreatic stone

glucagon

liver and blood-- increased blood glucose level from accelerated conversion of glycogen into glucose in the liver

insulin

tissue cells--lower blood glucose levels from accelerated transport into cells

thymolysis

destruction of the thymus gland

supra

above

rrhea

discharge, flow

plegia

paralysis

oid

resembling

cephal/o

head

hydrocephalitis

condition of an enlarged cranium

cerebr/o

cerebrum

encephal/o

brain

gli/o

glue, neuroglial tissue

mening/o

meninges

cerebrospinal

pertaining to the brain and spinal cord

meningocele

saclike protrusion of the meninges through the skull or vertebral column

mengingi/o

meninges

myel/o

bone marrow; spinal cord

neur/o

nerve

myelagia

pain in the spinal cord or its membranes

neurolysis

destruction of a nerve

paresis

partial paralysis

phasia

speech

plegia

paralysis

hemiparesis

paralysis of one half of the body

aphasia

absence of speech

qaudriplegia

paralysis of all four extremeties

dors/o

back of body

ventr/o

belly

thrombocyte

blood clotting cell

thrombocyte

platelet

thrombus

stationary blood clot

hemorrhage

bursting forth of blood

anorexia nervosa

eating disorder by self-starvation

xen/o

foreign, strange

necr/o

death

psych/o

mind

mania

state of mental disorder or frenzy

schizophrenia

involves delusions, such as believing that someone or something is controlling your thoughts

phren/o

mind

shchiz

split

myel/o

bone marrow, spinal cord

epilepsy

nerve cell activity in the brain is disturbed causing a seizure

multiple sclerosis

characterized by hardening, inflammation, loss of myelin throughout the spinal cord

neuroblastoma

malignant tumor composed of cells resembling neuroblasts

Bell palsy

facial paraylsis on one side

cerebral palsy

bilateral, symmetrical, nonprogressive motor dysfunction and partial paralysis

parkinson disease

progressive, degenerative neurological disorder affecting the part responsible for controllinng movement

sciatica

severe pain in the leg along sciatic nerve

seizure

abnormal, uncontrolled discharge of electrical activity

shingles

eruption of acute, inflammatory, herpetic vesicles on the truck of the body

spina bifida

incomplete closure of the spinal canal