Internet, Web, IR 4.0/5.0, IoT, AI - IIUM ICT Foundation Notes

A comprehensive set of question-and-answer flashcards covering core concepts from Internet, Web, IR 4.0/5.0, IoT, AI, ethics, and related tools as depicted in the lecture notes.

What is the Internet?

A global network connecting billions of devices and computers that enables communication and access to information; described as 'the network of networks'.

What is the World Wide Web (Web)?

A subset of the Internet consisting of interconnected web pages linked by hyperlinks and accessed via web browsers.

Are the Internet and the Web the same thing?

No. The Web is a subset of the Internet, made up of interconnected documents accessible through browsers.

Who invented the Web and in what year?

Tim Berners-Lee in 1989 at CERN in Switzerland.

What technologies did Tim Berners-Lee develop for the Web?

HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol), and the first web browser WorldWideWeb.

What was the first web browser called and on what computer did it run?

WorldWideWeb, which ran on a NeXT computer.

Why was the WorldWideWeb browser renamed to Nexus?

To avoid confusion with the World Wide Web itself.

What is the difference between HTTP and HTTPS?

HTTP is not secure; HTTPS is secure and uses encryption (TLS) to protect data.

What is a URL and what are its parts?

A Uniform Resource Locator; parts include the protocol, the domain name, and the top-level domain.

What are common examples of Top-Level Domains (TLDs)?

.com (Commercial), .edu (Educational), .gov (Government).

What are the three basic requirements for Internet access?

Necessary devices (computers, smartphones, tablets); Internet service providers (ISPs); web browsers and search engines.

When was Internet access launched in Malaysia and by whom?

In 1987 by RangKOM.

Which company launched JARING as Malaysia’s first ISP and when?

MIMOS launched JARING as the first Malaysian Internet Service Provider.

What happened to JARING in 2015?

JARING’s satellite service was out of service.

When did Malaysians first access the Internet via JARING?

1992.

When did TMNet join as Malaysia’s second ISP?

1996.

Approximately how many Internet users were there in Malaysia in 1998?

About 580,000.

By 2000, how many ISPs were active in Malaysia and which were they?

Four: Maxis Communications, NTT MSC, Time dotCom, and Digi Telecommunications.

What is the World Wide Web (Web) in its subset sense?

A subset of the Internet consisting of interconnected web pages linked by hyperlinks.

What are the key characteristics of Web 1.0 (1996–2004)?

Read-only, static web pages, basic HTML/portals, company-focused, banner-based advertising.

What are the key characteristics of Web 2.0 (2004–2016)?

Read/write, dynamic, user-generated content, community-focused, interactive advertising, XML/RSS.

What are the key characteristics of Web 3.0 (2016+)?

Semantic Web; read, write and execute; decentralized apps; RDF/RDFS/OWL.

What is the main difference between the Internet and the Web?

The Internet provides the network infrastructure and uses protocols like TCP/UDP; the Web uses HTTP over TCP to access interconnected documents.

What is Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0)?

Smart manufacturing with digital technologies like IoT, automation, and data analytics integrated into production.

What are the four main characteristics of IR 4.0?

Data connectivity (big data, cloud, blockchain, sensors); advanced analytics/AI; human–machine interaction (VR/AR), automation/robotics/autonomous systems; 3D printing, renewable energy, nanotech.

What are common IR 4.0 applications?

Smart manufacturing (predictive maintenance, digital twins, smart factories) and automation/robotics (cobots, driverless vehicles).

What is Industrial Revolution 5.0 (IR 5.0)?

AI integration and cyber-physical systems; automation at a higher level with human–machine collaboration.

What are the three core characteristics of IR 5.0?

Human-centric (talent, diversity, empowerment), resilient (agile and adaptable), and sustainability (social, economic, environmental).

What are IR 5.0 applications in biotechnology and education?

Biotech/healthcare advances (precision medicine); neuroscience interfaces; smart classrooms and collaborative education.

What are some educational applications of IR 5.0?

Smart classrooms, social/emotional learning, collaboration, lifelong learning, and personalized, self-paced learning.

What are the advantages of IR 4.0 and IR 5.0?

Increased efficiency from automation/IoT/AI; improved productivity, innovation, sustainability, global connectivity, and resilience.

What are the disadvantages of IR 4.0 and IR 5.0?

Job displacement, need for organizational change and massive investment, cybersecurity and privacy concerns, and regulatory/ethical challenges.

What is the Internet of Things (IoT)?

Physical objects connected to the Internet to gather and exchange data.

What are the main IoT characteristics?

Connectivity, on-device intelligence/identity, scalability, and dynamic/self-adapting behavior.

What are common IoT applications?

Smart Home (automation, lighting), Healthcare (remote monitoring, wearables), Smart irrigation and water management.

How is IoT used in education?

Use of VR/AR and smart devices to create interactive, real-time learning experiences, e.g., virtual field trips and quizzes.

What is Artificial Intelligence (AI)?

The ability of a digital computer or robot to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence (e.g., NLP, image recognition, data analysis).

What are the main AI characteristics?

Learning, reasoning/problem solving, and adaptability.

What are common AI applications?

Image/video analysis, finance (algorithmic trading), education (tutoring, automated grading), NPC behavior in games.

What are the advantages of AI?

Handles repetitive tasks consistently, speeds up processes, supports global operations, and enables advanced diagnostics.

What are the disadvantages of AI?

Potential job loss, data privacy concerns, high development/maintenance costs, and potential bias in algorithms.

What are the main ethical and regulatory challenges in technology use?

Privacy concerns, risk of job displacement, bias in algorithms, lack of regulations, and need for data protection and retraining programs.

What are Islamic perspectives on creativity and technology?

Humility, moderation, purpose; God-consciousness; alignment with fitra; adaptation within tradition while preserving religion.

What do Surah Ali Imran verses 190–192 emphasize?

Signs in creation, remembrance of Allah, and that creation is purposeful; accountability for wrongdoers.

What is Copilot in the context of the notes?

An everyday AI companion; can create/edit/ask; built on GPT (Generative Pretrained Transformer).

What is a prompt in Copilot usage?

The text input used to guide Copilot in generating an image or result.

What is ChatGPT and how is it used in class activities?

ChatGPT is accessed via a personal account and can be used to ask questions and receive responses.

Name some AI tools listed in the notes.

Gemini, ClassPoint, SendSteps, SlidesAI, Quillbot, Decktopus, Kahoot, OpenAI Chat, Pictory.

Where can you find additional resources for IR 4.0 and IR 5.0 in the notes?

Video links provided for explanations of IR 4.0 and IR 5.0.