APUSH - Progressive Movement & Roaring Twenties

Progressive Movement

Movement interested in furthering social and political reform

‘Americanization’

Process of an immigrant to the US becoming a person who shares american culture, values, and beliefs through assimilation

Pragmatism

a pragmatic policy

Settlement House Movement

Movement whose goal was to bridge the gaps between social classes

Utopian idealists

people who believed that America could reach the utopia status

Hull House

Private home of Jane Addams, where immigrants could live and socialize with the goal of building skills to live by themselves in the United States

‘Social Gospel’

movement within protestantism that applied Christianity to social problems

Tenement Houses

Type of building shared by multiple dwellings

‘Social Darwinism’

survival of the fittest applied into society

City Planning

Process that is focused on the development and design of land use

Bull Moose Party

Was the progessive party founded by Theodore Roosevelt after he lost the presidential nomination of the Republican Party

Pure Food and Drug Act 1906

Prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce, laid foundation for FDA

Mugwumps

a person who doesn't take part in party politics

Meat Inspection Act 1906

Prohibited the sale of adulterated or misbranded livestock, caused by publication of The Jungle

Muckrakers

Reporters that exposed political and economic corruption

Dept of Labor 1913

The Department of Labor was established on March 4, 1913, by President Taft.

McClure’s Magazine

magazine credited with starting muckraking journalism

Trust Busting

President Roosevelt ran with the goal to break up monopolies

Cosmopolitan Magazine

fashion and entertainment magazine for women

Federal Trade Commission

Independent Agency of the US Government whose mission is to protect consumers

Shame of the Cities

Novel written by Lincoln Steffens. Wanted to draw attention to the public’s complicity with corruption

Labor Reform

led efforts to stop child labor, health benefits, etc

Keating Owen Child Labor Acts

“Wick’s Bill” act whose goal was to reduce child labor

Commission of Industrial Relations

“Walsh Commision” created by Congress to scrutinize US labor law. studied work conditions in the US

16th Amendment

Allowed federal government the power to collect income tax

National Child Labor Committee

Organization that served as a leading force of the child labor reform movement

17th Amendment

Allows voters to vote directly for senators

Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

Factory that caught fire in Manhattan, deadliest industrial disaster in NYC

18th Amendment

prohibition, prevents manufacturing, sale, transportation, and consumption of alcohol

American Federation of Labor

Founded by President Samuel Gompers, with the purpose of providing support to those who were disappointed in the Knights of Labor

19th Amendment

Granted women the right to vote

National Park Service

Founded in 1916, manages all national parks, monuments

Intl. Ladies Garment Workers Union

Union whose members were employed in the clothing industry. Primarily female membership

National Conservation Commission

Group of Congressmen that compiled an inventory of natural resources

Prohibition

18th Amendment of the US Constitution which banned manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol

Trust Busting

government activity seeking to dissolve corporate trusts and monopolies

National Women’s Suffrage Association

Founded in 1869 to work for Women's Suffrage

Square Deal

Theodore Roosevelt’s domestic program which reflected his three major goals. control of corporations, natural resource conservation, and consumer protection

National Woman’s Party

Founded in 1916 to fight for women's suffrage.

New Freedom

Woodrow Wilson’s campaign platform in 1912 election

New Nationalism

Teddy Roosevelt’s political philosophy. aims to promote social justice and economic welfare

Federal Reserve System 1913

Congress passed the 1913 Federal Reserve Act which created the Federal Reserve System, which aimed to establish economic stability.

Plessy v. Ferguson 1896

Court case that resulted in the legalization of segregation

Niagara Movement

Black Civil Rights organization founded in 1905, ran by a group of black lawyers

NAACP

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, Founded in 1909

Socialist Party of America (IWW)

Industrial Workers of the World, labor union that was founded in 1905

‘The Wobblies’

Members of the Industrial Workers of the World

Teddy Roosevelt

26th US president

Jane Addams

feminist, women’s right activist. Second woman to receive the Peace Prize

William Howard Taft

27th US president

SS. McClure

leading muckraker, creator of McClure’s Magazine.

Woodrow Wilson

28th US President

Lincoln Steffens

Journalist, one of the leading muckrakers

Ida Tarbell

investigative journalist, one of the leading muckrakers of the progressive era

Louis Brandeis

Former Supreme Court Associate Justice who is known for involvement in social justice movements

Gifford Pinchot

former government of pennsylvania

Julia Ward Howe

author and poet, advocate for women’s suffrage

John Muir

naturalist, who advocated for the preservation of wilderness

Emily Bissel

social worker and activist

Upton Sinclair

Writer, Muckraker, political activist

Joseph Pulitzer

politician and newspaper publisher of the New York World

William Randolph Hearst

Businessman, newspaper publisher

Booker T Washington

Educator, author. Adviser to several US Presidents

WEB Dubois

Author, Historian, Civil Rights Activist

Samuel Gompers

Founder of American Federation of Labor

Eugene Debs

Political Activist who founded the Social Party of America

Robert LaFollette

Lawyer and Politician, served in both Senate and House of Representatives for Wisconsin

Oliver W. Holmes

associate justice of the Supreme Court

Carrie Chapman Catt

women’s suffrage leader, president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. One of the leaders of the campaign for the 19th amendment.

Alice Paul

Women’s rights activist, one of the main leaders of the campaign for the 19th amendment

Boston Police Strike

This was when Boston police officers went on strike on September 9, 1919. They went on strike in sought of recognition for their trade union and improvements in wages and working conditions.

Demobilization

The process of demobilization was converting armies, societies, and nations from a war to a time of peace. This was a massive undertaking for all major countries, and it took a long time to stand down a nation's combat

Normalcy

Returning to normalcy was the central campaign for Republican nominee Warren G. Harding. This called for disengagement from foreign intervention and to return to business as usual.

Isolation Policy

The isolation policy in the 1920s attempted to isolate the United States from the diplomatic affairs in other countries, by avoiding foreign entanglements and entering into alliances. Not only that but the U.S closed its doors to immigrants, specifically Chinese, Japanese, and other Asian immigrants.

Red Scare

The first red scare was a time period in the early 20th century filled with widespread fear and far

Palmer Raids

These were a series of raids conducted in November of 1919 by the U.S department of justice under Woodrow Wilson to capture and arrest suspected socialists, especially communists, and deport them from the United States. A. Mitchell Palmer received bomb threats and organized raids against suspected radicals.

IWW

The IWW also known as the Industrial Workers of the World, was an international labor union formed in 1905, with members known as “Wobblies”.It organized workers excluded from the AFL and the goal of this union was to have one big strike to overthrow the capitalist system.

National Women’s Party

Also known as the NWA, this party fought for Women's Rights for more than a century. They marched, picketed, and demanded gender equality. They focused directly on Women’s Suffrage and ignored all other issues.

Equal Rights Amendment

Also known as the ERA, this amendment was drafted in 1923 by Alice Paul and Crystal Eastman. The goal was to secure equal rights for women. It took three years of ratification for it to become the 19th amendment.

Eighteenth Amendment

The 18th amendment prohibited the sale, manufacture, and transportation of intoxicating liquors for beverage purposes. It was ratified on January 16, 1919.

Nineteenth Amendment

The 19th amendment granted women the right to vote. It was passed in 1919 and ratified in 1920.

The Great Migration

The Great Migration was one of the largest movements of people in U.S history. Around 6 million Black people moved from souther America to Northern, Midwestern, and Western land in America.

Harlem Renaissance

This was a period of time where there was a burst of creativity within the African American community in areas of art, music, and literature. African Americans migrated to northern cities seeking economic and creative opportunities. The Harlem Renaissance gave the artists pride and control over how the Black experience was represented in American culture and set the stage for the civil rights movement.

Ku Klux Klan

founded in Atlanta, GA. Reflecting the social tensions of urban industrialization and vastly increased immigration, its membership grew most rapidly in cities, and spread out of the South to the Midwest and West. They preached "One Hundred Percent Americanism" and demanded the purification of politics, calling for strict morality and better enforcement of prohibition. (Biblical based

The Birth of a Nation

The first full length feature silent film. This was a few hour long movie that demonstrated the weakness and laziness of black people. The film starts with the Civil War and ends with the Ku Klux Klan riding into the end to save the nation from Reconstruction.

NAACP

The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was established in 1909 and is Americas oldest and largest civil rights organization. It was formed by white and black activists in response to the ongoing violence against African Americans. The organization’s goal is to ensure the political, educational and equality of minority groups of the US eliminate race prejudice.

Black Nationalism

This was the advocacy of or support for unity and political self

Pan Africanism

Pan-Africanism, the idea that peoples of African descent have common interests and should be unified.

Emergency Quota Act of 1921

An Act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States. The Emergency Quota Act restricted the number of immigrants admitted from any country annually to 3% of the number of residents from that country living in the United States as of the 1910 Census. Fears of increased immigration after the end of World War I and the spread of radicalism propelled Congress to enact this "emergency" measure imposing drastic quantitative caps on immigration.

Immigration Act of 1924

The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. The 1924 act supplanted earlier acts to effectively ban all emigration from Asia and set a total immigration quota of 165,000 for countries outside the Western Hemisphere, an 80% reduction from the average before World War I.

Assembly Line and Model Ts

The Model T was manufactured on the Ford Motor Company's moving assembly line at Ford's revolutionary Highland Park Plant. Due to the mass production of the vehicle, Ford Motor Company could sell the vehicle for between $260 and $850 as Henry Ford passed production savings on to his customers. The moving assembly line created the mass

Advertising & Marketing

Businesses in the roaring 20s had to use eye

Consumer Credit & Installment Plans

Many Americans bought high

Prohibition

The prohibition of alcohol was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve health and hygiene in America. Prohibition was a nationwide ban on the sale and import of alcoholic beverages that lasted from 1920 to 1933. Protestants, Progressives, and women all spearheaded the drive to institute Prohibition. (18th amendment( weak enforcement). The drys vs the west, bootleggers, speakeasies, bathtub gin, golden age of gangster, al capone, rise of criminal activities)

Volstead Act

the 18th amendment (weak enforcement) an act to carry out the prohibition amendment by defining the process and procedures for banning alcoholic beverages as well as their production and distribution

Racketeers

They dominated the illegal "bootlegging" (illegal distribution of goods especially alcohol) industry. They earned their money by providing illegal goods and services, they were most famous for bootlegging but also managed gambling, prostitution and abortion.

Untouchables

they were special agents of the US bureau of prohibition, they worked to end Al Capone's illegal activities by aggressively enforcing prohibition laws against his organization.

Flappers

young women known for their energetic freedom, embracing a lifestyle viewed by many at the time as outrageous, immoral, or dangerous

KDKA Radio

On November 2nd, 1920 it made the nation's first commercial broadcast. They chose this date because it was election day and the power of the radio was proven when people could hear the results of the Harding

The Jazz Singer

Considered the first successful audible picture, it paved the way for the explosion of the "talkie" throughout the 1920s