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Bacterial Toxins
Substances produced by bacteria that can interfere with the normal functioning of host cells or tissues.
Exotoxins
Toxins secreted by bacteria into the environment that can travel to distant tissues and are usually proteins.
Endotoxins
Components of the outer membrane of gram negative bacteria that are released upon bacterial cell death.
Pathogenicity
The ability of an organism to cause disease.
Toxoided
The process of altering a toxin to create a non-poisonous form for immunization.
Neurotoxins
Exotoxins that affect nerve cells.
Enterotoxins
Exotoxins that affect the gastrointestinal tract.
Haemolysins
Toxins that can cause the rupture (lysis) of red blood cells.
Clostridium botulinum
A bacterium that produces the highly potent botulinum toxin.
Diphtheria Toxin
A toxin that binds to host cells and blocks protein synthesis, leading to the disease diphtheria.
Lysis
The rupture or destruction of cells.
Streptococcus pyogenes
A bacterium responsible for illnesses like strep throat and can produce exotoxins that damage red blood cells.
Pseudomembrane
A thick layer of dead cells and toxins seen in diphtheria infection, obstructing the airway.
Gram Negative Bacteria
Bacteria characterized by their thin peptidoglycan cell wall and outer membrane, often associated with endotoxins.
Case Fatality Rate
The proportion of individuals diagnosed with a particular disease who die from that disease.
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