microbio 2125 unit 6 part 10 - Avian Influenza (Bird Flu)

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10 Terms

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Etiological Agent:

Orthomyxovirus (H5N1 subtype of Influenza A)

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Distinguishing Characteristics of Etiological Agent:

  • Primary reservoir is birds

  • H5 subtype not previously encountered by humans

  • ssRNA virus

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Virulence Factor(s):

  • Hemagglutinin: binds to host cells

  • Neuraminidase: hydrolyzes mucus, assists budding and release

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Predisposing Factors:

Close contact with infected bird populations

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Transmission:

  • Close contact with birds

  • Respiratory droplets

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Syndrome (Signs + Symptoms):

  • Acute respiratory illness

  • Fever, headache, myalgia, pharyngeal pain

  • Shortness of breath, coughing

  • Severe inflammation and stripping of respiratory epithelium

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Affected Body Region/System:

respiratory

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Treatment:

  • control symptoms; amantadine, rimantadine, zanamivir (Relenza), and oseltamivir (Tamiflu)

    • Flu virus has developed high rate of resistance to amantadine and rimantadine

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Prevention:

  • Culling infected bird populations

  • Vaccine development in progress/speculative

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Other Notes:

  • Recent outbreaks in Southeast Asia and Europe

  • Potential for antigenic shift to human-transmissible form