FBI Review (10 Common Types)

What type of microorganism is Salmonellosis?

Bacteria

How do you get Salmonellosis?

Contaminated food (eggs, poultry, raw produce), water, or animals (reptiles, birds)

What are the main symptoms of Salmonellosis?

Diarrhea, fever, abdominal cramps

What causes Salmonellosis?

Ingestion of Salmonella bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Salmonellosis?

Infants, elderly, and immunocompromised

What food or behaviors are associated with Salmonellosis?

Poultry, eggs, raw milk, raw produce

Is Salmonellosis fatal? How many deaths do it cause annually?

Rarely fatal; approximately 400 deaths annually

What type of microorganism is Shigellosis?

Bacteria

How do you get Shigellosis?

Contaminated water, food, or surfaces

What are the main symptoms of Shigellosis?

Diarrhea (sometimes bloody), fever, stomach cramps

What causes Shigellosis?

Ingestion of Shigella bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Shigellosis?

Young children, travelers, and immunocompromised

What food or behaviors are associated with Shigellosis?

Poor hygiene, contaminated water/produce

Is Shigellosis fatal? How many deaths do it cause annually?

Rarely fatal; approximately 70 deaths annually

What type of microorganism is Bacillus cereus?

Bacteria

How do you get Bacillus cereus?

Improperly stored food (e.g., rice, pasta, meat)

What are the main symptoms of Bacillus cereus?

Vomiting (emetic form), diarrhea (diarrheal form)

What causes Bacillus cereus?

Ingestion of toxins or bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Bacillus cereus?

All populations at risk if food is mishandled

What food or behaviors are associated with Bacillus cereus?

Rice, pasta, meat, dairy

Is Bacillus cereus fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Rarely fatal; deaths are very rare

What type of microorganism is Enterobacter sakazakii?

Bacteria

How do you get Enterobacter sakazakii?

Contaminated infant formula or medical devices

What are the main symptoms of Enterobacter sakazakii?

Sepsis, meningitis in infants

What causes Enterobacter sakazakii?

Contaminated formula or equipment

Who are the high-risk populations for Enterobacter sakazakii?

Newborns, especially preemies

What food or behaviors are associated with Enterobacter sakazakii?

Infant formula, medical devices

Is Enterobacter sakazakii fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Fatal in up to 40% of neonatal cases

What type of microorganism is Escherichia coli enteritis?

Bacteria

How do you get Escherichia coli enteritis?

Contaminated food/water, raw or undercooked meat

What are the main symptoms of Escherichia coli enteritis?

Severe diarrhea, abdominal cramps, possible kidney failure (HUS)

What causes Escherichia coli enteritis?

Ingestion of pathogenic E. coli

Who are the high-risk populations for Escherichia coli enteritis?

Young children, elderly

What food or behaviors are associated with Escherichia coli enteritis?

Ground beef, raw milk, fresh produce

Is Escherichia coli enteritis fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Occasionally fatal; approximately 30 deaths annually

What type of microorganism is Listeriosis?

Bacteria

How do you get Listeriosis?

Contaminated food, especially ready-to-eat products

What are the main symptoms of Listeriosis?

Fever, muscle aches, miscarriage, meningitis

What causes Listeriosis?

Ingestion of Listeria bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Listeriosis?

Pregnant women, newborns, elderly, immunocompromised

What food or behaviors are associated with Listeriosis?

Deli meats, soft cheeses, smoked seafood

Is Listeriosis fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Fatal in 20–30% of cases; approximately 260 deaths annually

What type of microorganism is Staphylococcus aureus?

Bacteria

How do you get Staphylococcus aureus?

Contaminated food due to poor hygiene or improper storage

What are the main symptoms of Staphylococcus aureus?

Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cramps

What causes Staphylococcus aureus?

Ingestion of toxins

Who are the high-risk populations for Staphylococcus aureus?

All populations at risk if food is mishandled

What food or behaviors are associated with Staphylococcus aureus?

Cream-based foods, pastries, deli meats

Is Staphylococcus aureus fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Rarely fatal; deaths are extremely rare

What type of microorganism is Yersiniosis?

Bacteria

How do you get Yersiniosis?

Contaminated food (pork), water, or milk

What are the main symptoms of Yersiniosis?

Diarrhea, fever, abdominal pain (mimics appendicitis)

What causes Yersiniosis?

Ingestion of Yersinia bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Yersiniosis?

Young children, immunocompromised

What food or behaviors are associated with Yersiniosis?

Pork, milk, water

Is Yersiniosis fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Rarely fatal; deaths are uncommon

What type of microorganism is Clostridium?

Bacteria

How do you get Clostridium?

Contaminated food, improperly canned foods (botulinum), temperature-abused foods (perfringens)

What are the main symptoms of Clostridium?

Botulinum: paralysis, respiratory failure; Perfringens: diarrhea, cramps

What causes Clostridium?

Ingestion of toxins or bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Clostridium?

Infants (botulinum), elderly

What food or behaviors are associated with Clostridium?

Canned foods (botulinum), meat, gravy (perfringens)

Is Clostridium fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Botulinum can be fatal; approximately 15 deaths annually

What type of microorganism is Campylobacteriosis?

Bacteria

How do you get Campylobacteriosis?

Undercooked poultry, raw milk, contaminated water

What are the main symptoms of Campylobacteriosis?

Diarrhea (sometimes bloody), fever, cramps

What causes Campylobacteriosis?

Ingestion of Campylobacter bacteria

Who are the high-risk populations for Campylobacteriosis?

Young children, elderly, immunocompromised

What food or behaviors are associated with Campylobacteriosis?

Poultry, raw milk, water

Is Campylobacteriosis fatal? How many deaths does it cause annually?

Rarely fatal; approximately 120 deaths annually