Week 2- Biomolecules SOL Key Concepts

Monomers

A single unit that makes up biomolecules

Polymers

Many units (monomers) bound together

Carbohydrates: Monomer

Mono= one

Saccharide= sugar

Monosaccharides

Carbohydrates: Elements

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H) and Oxygen(O)

Carbohydrates Structure

Ring of Carbons

Carbohydrates: Function

• Short term energy

• Can be simple of complex sugars

Carbohydrates Example:

ends with ose- lactose, sucrose, starch, cellulose (makes plant cell walls)

Lipids Monomer:

Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Lipids Elements:

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O)

Lipid Structure

Long Chains of C-H Bonds (CH bonds are non-polar)

Lipids: Function

• Long term energy

• Protect and insulate body

Lipids Example:

• Oils

• Fats

• Wax

Proteins Monomer:

Amino Acids (AA)

Protein Elements:

Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Sometimes Sulfur (S)

Protein Structure:

• Amino Acids join together to form peptide bonds

• Chain of peptides bonds form into complex shapes to suit the needs of the cells

Protein Function:

• Can build cell structures

• Regulates cell processes

Protein Examples:

usually ends in ase: Steak, eggs, chicken, salmon

Nucleic Acids Elements:

Carbon (C), Hydrogen(H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P)

Nucleic Acids Monomer:

Nucleotides

Nucleic Acids Structure:

• Two strand-double helix (DNA)

• RNA -one singular strand

Nucleic Acids Function + Example

-Store and transit Genetic Maiterial

• RNA helps make proteins

• Examples: RNA, DNA (found in every living thing)