Managing Behavior and Organization Exam 2 study guide

MGMT 3123 Okstate 2026 Spring (taken from quiz 5,6,8,9)

Intensity pertains to the amount of effort being invested in an activity.

True

Job crafting may involve changing task boundaries, the relational nature of a job, or cognitions about the job.

True

Which of the following refers to how long we focus on an activity?

Persistence

Samuel absolutely loves being a college professor because he is good at teaching and enjoys research even though he would make more money working in the private sector as an engineer. His choice to be a college professor is best explained by:

Intrinsic motivation

A person will experience _______ when his or her outcome to input ratio is less than that of a relevant comparison person.

Negative inequity

____ is the extent to which a job enables an individual to experience freedom, independence, and discretion.

Autonomy

In the job characteristics model, the presence of skill variety, task identity, and task significance cause an employee to feel

Experience meaningfulness of the work

A variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n):

Unpredictable number of responses have been made

People's perception of _____ is their judgment that they were adequately compensated for the consequences of their actions.

Outcome fairness

In the job characteristics model, the degree to which a person receives clear information about performance effectiveness is:

Feedback

In 360-degree feedback, individuals compare perceptions of their own performance with information from their manager, subordinates, and peers.

True

Jack set himself a goal of shooting a 79 or better on his local golf course before the end of spring. This is a ________ goal.

performance

What kind of goal is best for jobs that are dynamic, but in which nearer-term activities and milestones can be defined?

task

The type of performance measurement system where a company assembles performance data on an individual from most or all of his/her contacts within and outside the company is known as:

360-degree performance appraisals

A negative reinforcer tends to ________ the behavior it follows.

strengthen

Which of the following types of performance is characterized by assisting coworkers, having a positive attitude, and representing the company in a positive way outside of work?

Organizational citizenship behaviors

Which of the following rater errors is made when people give higher evaluation to individuals who they consider akin to themselves?

Similar-to-me

Which of the following rater errors leads employees to believe that no aspects of their performance need improvement?

Halo

Managers can improve employee satisfaction with the feedback process by:

letting the employee voice his/her opinion and discuss performance goals.

Which of the following types of performance measurement is more reliable, valid, and provides more useful feedback to employees?

behaviorally anchored rating scales.

Norms only emerge on their own in group situations; they are not consciously formed.

False

Which of the following is an individual function of a group?

satisfy the person's need or affiliation

Formal groups perform two basic functions: __________ and __________.

organizational; individual

What is the difference between formal and informal groups?

A formal group is assigned by an organization or its managers to accomplish specific goals.

In a study of executives from 300 companies, the most desirable soft skill named was

teamwork.

Norman is elected president of the debate club. He is known as a team player. That means that Norman is

committed, collaborative, and competent.

In what stage of the group development process are group standards developed?

Norming

When some group members try to avoid responsibility and allow others to do the work of the group, they are displaying:

Social loafing

Group polarization research suggests that:

group members will ignore or minimize evidence that challenges positions they already hold

Which of the following explains why humans tend to do what everyone else is doing?

Conformity

Communication competence is a performance-based index of an individual’s abilities to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

True

“Your assignments are always late” is an example of good feedback.

False

Recent research has shown that employees’ use of social media is related to increased job satisfaction, performance, and retention.

True

When a receiver expresses a reaction to the sender’s message, he or she is

providing feedback.

Rebecca e-mailed a wedding invitation to her cousin Shawn. A few days later, she got a reply saying that he can’t make it to the wedding because he will not be able to get any vacation. In the communication process, Shawn’s reply is an example of

feedback.

Sharon is the Director of Human Resources at a company that is undergoing a merger with another organization. As a result of the merger, a portion of the combined workforce will be laid off. Sharon understands that even with a lucrative severance package, the news will adversely affect the lives of these employees. Therefore, she wants to break the news to them in a sensitive manner so as to maintain the company’s image. Which of the following is the most appropriate communication medium to use in this situation?

face-to-face conversation

Communication competence is

an individual’s ability to effectively use communication behaviors in a given context.

We have the cognitive capacity to process words at a much higher rate than people speak. Which of the following can result from this?

We miss or lose some of what we hear.

_________ occurs when people perceive that they are being attacked or threatened.

Defensiveness

_________ are discussions between two or more people where the stakes are high, opinions vary, and emotions run strong.

Crucial conversations

1 & 8

see and hear

2 & 7

tell a story

3 & 6

feel

4 & 5

act

9

me

10

others

11

silence

12

pool of shared meaning

13

safety