MMA132: 3 Impressionism (PART 1)

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Academie des Beaux-arts

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Paris, 1810

When was the Académie de peinture et de sculpture founded?

1648

When was the Académie de musique founded?

Académie de musique (Academy of Music, founded in 1669)

When was the Académie d'architecture founded?

Académie d'architecture (Academy of Architecture, founded in 1671).

The Academy was created in ___ as a merger of the _____ *,* ____and _____.

* 1816 in Paris


* Académie de peinture et de sculpture
* Académie de musique
* Académie d'architecture

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**École des Beaux-Arts** – National School of Fine Arts

He was the third son of Napoleon I’s brother Louis Bonaparte, who was king of Holland from 1806 to 1810, and his wife, Hortense de Beauharnais Bonaparte, stepdaughter of Napoleon I.

Napoleon III

In the middle of the 19th century—a time of change, as Emperor Napoleon III rebuilt Paris and waged ___ dominated ___. The Académie was the preserver of traditional French painting standards of content and style.

* war—the Académie des Beaux-Arts
* French art

Historical subjects, religious or biblical themes, mythological compositions and portraits-

landscape and still life were not.

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**The Coronation of Napoleon** by Jacques-Louis David

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**Assumption of the Virgin** by Titian

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**Princesse de Broglie** by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

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**Portrait of Madame Ingres** by Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

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**Liberty Leading the People** by Eugène Delacroix

In a balanced mix of history and poetic allegory, he captured the passion and energy of the 1830 revolution in this painting of Liberty leading the Parisian uprising against Charles X

**Liberty Leading the People** by Eugène Delacroix

The Académie preferred carefully finished images that looked realistic when examined closely. Paintings in this style were made up of ___ carefully blended to hide the artist's hand in the work. Colour was restrained and often toned down further by the application of a ___.

* precise brush strokes
* golden varnish

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**The Battle of Trafalgar** by J.M.W Turner

The Académie had an annual, juried art show, the Salon de Paris, and artists whose work was displayed in the show won prizes, garnered commissions, and enhanced their prestige. The standards of the juries represented the values of the Académie, represented by the works of such artists as ___ and ___.

* Jean-Léon Gérôme
* Alexandre Cabanel

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The Salon (French: Salon), or rarely Paris Salon (French: Salon de Paris)

beginning in 1667 was the official art exhibition of the Académie des Beaux-Arts in Paris. Between 1748 and 1890 it was arguably the greatest annual or biennial art event in the Western world.

**The Salon** or rarely Paris Salon

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Claude Monet

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Alfred Sisley

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Pierre-Auguste Renoir

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Frédéric Bazille

They discovered that they shared an interest in painting landscape and contemporary life rather than historical or mythological scenes. Following a practice that had become increasingly popular by mid-century, they often ventured into the countryside together to paint in the open air, but not for the purpose of making sketches to be developed into carefully finished works in the studio, as was the usual custom.

* Claude Monet
* Alfred Sisley
* Pierre-Auguste Renoir
* Frédéric Bazille

During the 1860s, the _____ routinely rejected about half of the works submitted by Monet and his friends in favour of works by artists faithful to the approved style.

Salon jury

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**The Luncheon on the Grass** by Édouard Manet

was painted in 1862 —63 and exhibited that same year at the Salons des Refusés, a non-mainstream exhibition space in Paris for works of art falling outside the requirements of the traditional Salon.

The Luncheon on the Grass by Édouard Manet

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Manet would further exploit the difference between ___ *and ___* in his famous and infamous Olympia

* nudity
* nakedness

In 1863, the Salon jury rejected Manet's The Luncheon on the Grass (Le déjeuner sur l'herbe) primarily because…

it depicted a nude woman with two clothed men at a picnic. While the Salon jury routinely accepted nudes in historical and allegorical paintings, they condemned Manet for placing a realistic nude in a contemporary setting.

he decreed that the public be allowed to judge the work themselves, and the Salon des Refusés

Emperor Napoleon III

Monet, Renoir, Pissarro, Sisley, Cézanne, Berthe Morisot, Edgar Degas and several other artists founded the _____ to exhibit their artworks independently.

Société Anonyme Coopérative des Artistes Peintres, Sculpteurs, Graveurs

Members of the association were expected to forswear participation in the Salon. The organizers invited a number of other progressive artists to join them in their inaugural exhibition, including the older ___, whose example had first persuaded Monet to adopt ___ painting years before.

* Eugène Boudin
* plein air

Critic and humorist _____ wrote a scathing review in the newspaper ___ in which, making wordplay with the title of _____, he gave the artists the name by which they became known.

Louis Leroy

Le Charivari

Claude Monet's Impression, Sunrise (Impression, soleil levant)

Derisively titling his article _____, Leroy declared that Monet's painting was at most, a sketch, and could hardly be termed a finished work.

The Exhibition of the Impressionists

He wrote, in the form of a dialog between viewers

Louis Leroy

“Impression—I was certain of it. I was just telling myself that, since I was impressed, there had to be some impression in it ... and what freedom, what ease of workmanship! Wallpaper in its embryonic state is more finished than that seascape.”

Louis Leroy

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**Impression, Sunrise** by Claude Monet

This term quickly gained favour with the public. It was also accepted by the artists themselves, even though they were a diverse group in style and temperament, __unified primarily by their spirit of independence and rebellion__.

Impressionist