classical conditioning

what is classical conditioning

a type of learning that occurs with the association of two or more different stimuli.

a behaviour is…

visible and observable

what happened when dog was shown food? (UCS)

dog drooled (UCR) biological response

what happened when the bell was rang next to the dog? (NS)

no response (NS)

what happened when dog was shown food while the bell rang? (NS,UCS)

dog drools (UCR) biological response

bell rings (CS)

dog drools (CR)

what happens in phase 1 of the classical conditioning process?

Neural stimulus (NS) produces no relevant response; unconditioned (unlearned) stimulus (UCS) elicits the unconditional response (UCR).

what happens in phase 2 of the classical conditioning process?

neural stimulus (NS) is repeatedly paired with the unconditioned (unlearned) stimulus to produce the unconditional response (UCR).

what happens in phase 3 of the classical conditioning process?

neutral stimuli (NS) becomes a conditioned (learned) stimulus (CS); (CS) produces a conditioned (learned) response (CR)

explain phase 1: acquisition

the overall process doing which an organism learns to associate to event - NS and the USC- until the NS alone has become a CS that produces the CR.

what is stimulus generalisation?

the tendency for another stimulus that is similar to the original CS to produce a response that is similar, but not necessarily identical to the CR.

what is stimulus discrimination?

occurs when a person or animal responds to the CS only, but not any other stimulus that is similar to the CS - earn to discriminate between two similar stimuli.

explain phase 2: extinction

is the gradual decrease in the strength or rate of a CR that occurs when the UCS is not longer presented. Extinction occurs when a CR no longer occurs following presentation of the CS.

explain phase 3: spontaneous recovery

Extinction of a conditioned response is not always permanent. Spontaneous recovery is the reappearance of a CR when the CS is presented, following a rest period (i.e when no CS is presented) after the CR appears to have been extinguished.

what occurs during a conditioned emotional response?

Autonomic nervous system (involuntary) produces a reaction to a stimulus that did not previously trigger that reaction.

who was Ivan pavlov?

a famous psychologist who used dogs as for his studies and noticed that dogs salivated involuntarily even at the sound of sight of food.