APHG Unit 6 Vocab

Development

A process of improvement in the material conditions of people through diffusion of knowledge and technology.

Gender Empowerment Index

Compares the ability of women and men to participate in economic and political decision making.

Gender-Related Development Index

Compares the level of development of women with that of both sexes.

Human Development Index

Indicator of level of development for each country, constructed by United Nations, combining income, literacy, education, and life expectancy.

Gross Domestic Product

The value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country in a given time period (normally one year).

Less Developed Country

A country that is at a relatively early stage in the process of economic development.

Literacy Rate

The percentage of a country’s people who can read and write.

More Developed Country

A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development.

Primary Sector

The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface, generally through agriculture, although sometimes by mining, fishing, and forestry.

Productivity

The value of a particular product compared to the amount of labor needed to make it.

Secondary Sector

The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, trans-forming, and assembling raw materials.

Structural Adjustment Program

Economic policies imposed on less developed countries by international agencies to creat conditions encouraging international trade, such as raising taxes, reducing government spending, controlling inflation, selling publicly owned utilities to private corporations, and charging citizens more for services.

Tertiary Sector

The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities, sometimes extended to the provision of all goods and services to people in exchange for payment.

Value Added

The gross value of the product minus the costs of raw materials and energy.

Break of Bulk Point

A location where transfer is possible from one mode of transportation to another.

Bulk Gaining Industry

An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.

Bulk Reducing Industry

An industry in which the final product weighs less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.

Cottage Industry

Manufacturing hased in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.

Fordist

Form of mass production in which each

worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly.

Industrial Revolution

A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods.

Labor Intensive Industry

An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.

Maquiladora

Factories built by U.S. companies in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of much lower labor costs in Mexico.

New International Division of Labor

Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid less skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.

Post Fordist

Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to team's that perform a variety of tasks.

Right to Work State

A U.S. state that has passed a law preventing a union and company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join a union as a condition of employment.

Site Factors

Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside the plant, such as land, labor, and capital.

Situation Factors

Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.

Textile

A fabric made by weaving, used in making clothing.

Trading Bloc

A group of neighboring countries that promote trade with each other and erect barriers to limit trade with other blocs.