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31 Terms

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great migration

african americans moved from south to north in search of jobs and less discrimination

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selective service

federal service system used to draft solders

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article X

league of nations covenant calling for security and mutual defense - opposed by US isolationists

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eugene v. debs

socialist leader who advocated for workers rights and social justice - was against US involvement in WWI

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woodrow wilson league of nations

vision for an international organization to prevent future wars - US never joined due to senate opposition `

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palmer raids

series of federal raids on communists and radicals in the US after WWI - led by general a. mitchell palmer

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schenck v united states

1919 supreme court case restricting free speech during wartime, establishing the “clear and present danger” test.

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nativists

someone who favors born citizens over immigrants - linked to anti-immigration polices

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sacco and vanzetti

2 italian immigrants convicted and killed for robbery, murder, and anti-immigrant sentiment

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hawley smoot tariff

1930 high tariff worsening great depression by reducing international trade.

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kellogg braind pact

1928 international agreement attempting to outlaw war - ineffective due to lack of enforcement

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horizontal integration

business strategy where a company attempts to get a monopoly in its industry

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scopes trial

1925, scopes (teacher) was tried for teaching evolution, highlighting tensions between science and religion.

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teapot dome scandal

scandal involving the leasing of federal oil reserves to private companies

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lost generation

1920 group of American writers who were disillusioned by the aftermath of World War I, critiquing society and its values.

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dust bowl

severe drought in 1930s forcing farmers to migrate west

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bonus army

group of World War I veterans who marched on Washington, D.C. in 1932 to demand early bonus payments.

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reconstruction finance corporation

1932 gov agency made to finically support banks and business during the depression

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buying on margin

practice of purchasing stocks with borrowed money

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frances perkins

first female US cabinet member - key role in new deal polices

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lend lease program

US program providing military aid to allies before WWII

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atlantic charter

1941 agreement w/ US and GB outlining postwar goals for free trade and democracy

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macaruthur “i shall return”

quote from general macaruthur promising to retake the philippines from japan during WWII

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america first committee

group that opposed US involvement in WWII before pearl harbor

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executive order 9066

issued by roosevelt - led to the internment of japanese americans during WWII

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allied WWI strategy/priority

allies focused on defeating germany before focusing on japan

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operation overload

code name for allied invation of normandy (d-day)

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manhatten project

secret US project that developed the atomic bomb

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tehran, yalta, and postsdam

3 major WWII conferences where allied leaders planned the post war world and germany’s surrender

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japanese surrender

sept 2 1945 after hiroshima and nagasaki

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civilian conservation corps (ccc)

new deal program providing jobs for young men