ap hug unit 4 vocab

state

has: defined territory with borders, permanent population, government, sovereignty, and recognition from other states

Independent state

A state that rules itself and is not subject to the authority of another state.

Sovereign State

A state that possesses the sole authority over the land and people within its boundaries.

nation

A community of people bound to a homeland and possessing a common identity based on shared cultural traits such as language, ethnicity, and religion.

nation state

A state in which the nation’s geographic boundaries (a people and its cultures) exactly match the state’s territorial boundaries  (governance and authority).

Stateless Nation

An ethnic group or nation that does not possess its own state and is not the majority population in any nation-state.

Multi-state nation

Ethnic groups territorially divided by one or more international boundaries.

Multinational State

A country containing multiple national, ethnic and religious groups within its boundaries.

Autonomous region

A subdivision or dependent territory of a country that has a degree of self-government, or autonomy , in its decision making.

self-determination

A nation’s ability to determine its own statehood and form its own allegiances and government; the freedom of culturally distinct groups to govern themselves in their own territories and form their own states;

Semiautonomous region

has some degree of , but not complete, self-government.

devolution

The movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state

ethnonationalism

A form of nationalism in which the nation is defined in terms of ethnic identity

peripheral states

States that have relatively little industrial development, simple production systems and focused mostly on agriculture and raw materials and low levels of consumption of manufactured goods.

core states

States that have the most advanced industrial and military technologies, complex manufacturing systems, external political power, and the highest levels of wealth and mass consumption

Median line principle

Drawing a boundary that is midway between two or more states’ coasts.

exclave

Part of a national territory separated from the body of the country to which it belongs

Antecedent

A boundary that was identified before an area was settled

Subsequent

A political boundary that developed with the cultural landscape.

Consequent

A boundary that is drawn to accommodate existing cultural differences.

Superimposed

A boundary that is placed on an area without regard to existing boundaries.

Geometric

A boundary that has regular, often perfectly straight lines drawn without regard for an area’s physical or cultural features.

Relic

A boundary that no longer functions as an international border

defined

Countries legally define and agree to where borders are located through an agreement or treaty.

Delimited

Identifying the location of the defined boundaries on a map. Usually at the same time that boundaries are defined and done through a legal designation.

Demarcated

Visible marking of the landscape with objects, such as fences or signs.

Administered

Legal management of the border through laws, immigration regulation, documentation, and prosecution.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas

laying down order and regulations for the ocean’s seas - International agreement to maritime boundaries.

subnational units

The smaller areas into which a larger state is divided. For example, states in the United States and provinces in Canada

Unitary

A style of government in which the power is located centrally and the purpose of regional or local units is to carry out policy.

Federal

A style of government in which power is shared between central, regional, and local governments.

Ethnic Separatism

People of a particular ethnicity in a multinational state identify more strongly with their ethnic group than as citizens of the state.

Ethnic Cleansing 

The forced removal of one ethnic group by another ethnic group to create an ethnically consistent territory.

sovereignty

A state’s authority to control its territory and govern itself. 

Devolution

Due to centrifugal forces, power is shifted from the central government or administration to regional authorities which are usually reflective of nations. 

CENTRIPETAL FORCES

Characteristics that unify a country and provide stability.

CENTRIFUGAL FORCES

Characteristics that divide a country and create instability, conflict and violence.