Modern Conservatism

What was the demolition of the old political order

Fall of european monarchies and empires after WW1

What was decline of religion and secularisation

weakening of the anglican hegemony

What was the economic transformation

industrialisation

urbanisation

Labour movement challenged challenged traditional social order

What was the rise of mass democracy

Reform acts 1832-1928

Extension of the franchise to wroking class and women

What was the conservative dillema

how to proserve core values whilst keeping up with democratic and social changes

What was Burke in theory

Reflections of revolution in france

What is the key burkean principles

society as partnership between the living the dead and those who arent born yet

Opposite to radical change

What was burke as a progressive conservative?

supported american colonists

Advocated for catholic emancipation

supported british rule in india

What is the in practice reactionary?

Defended aristocratic privilage

against parliamentry

What is the Burkean paradox

change to conserve

but which are legitimate reforms vs dangerous innovations

How many pillars of British conservatism are there?

4

What are the 4 pillars of british conservatism

Nation

Constitution

capitalism

moderation

What nationalism was largely rejected in the UK but sometimes flared up

Palingenetic Ultra nationalism

What does Palingenetic Ultra nationalism think about fascism?

Fascim and Nazism as radical rejection of both conservatism and liberalism

What is palengenesis

myth of national rebirth through destruction of the old order

why is it revolutionary and not conservative

it seeks to recreate a new man and purified nation

What does Palingenetic ultra nationalism reject and why

Burkean gradualism

it is in favour of violent transformation and total state power

What did Palingenetic ultra nationalism exploitt in conservative fears?

fear of socialism and disorder in the 1920s-30s

What liberal revolution was there

Neo liberal

Under the Neo-liberal revolution what did what did Kayeks road to reform argue?

planned economies lead to totalitarianism

What is milton Friedmans monetarism? NEO LIBERAL REVOLUTION

critiques Phillips curve

school economic challenges keyniasian demand management

When was the IEA founded

1955

What did the institution of economic affairs do? NEO LIBERAL REVOLUTION

imported american free-market ideas

published paoers on privitisation and deregulation

When was the crisis of Keynesianism? NEO LIBERAL REVOLUTION

1970s

What did the crisis of Keynesianism include? NEO LIBERAL REVOLUTION

stagflation

oil shocks

Winter of discontent

Who brought neo-liberal ideas into conservative policy

Centre for policy studies and adam smith institute

What did Baldwin do that was different to other conservative leaders

was not from aristocracy and made his image based on being a family man and english gentleman

What else did baldwin focus on

being a ‘non-political’ politician

‘common sense’ man of the people

What happened in 1931?

The Labour government resigned

Macdonald stayed on as PM

conservatives alone won 470 seats

What is butskellism?

‘age of affluence’ in the late 1950/60s

What was the landmark tory victory

1959 because the tories won their 3rd victory

What does Butskellism stand for?

Rab Butler

Hugh Gaitskell

What did the conservatives not do after 1951?

did not reserve nationalism

did not get rid of the NHS

maintained welfare state

Who lost the 1974 election and why?

Heath because of failures to reform the post-war settlement

What did Enoch Powell have politics on?

Immigration

What was enoch Powell?

a strong nationalist

What did powell become?

the leading critic of

non-white immigration to the UK in the 1960s

Who was there increasing tensions between

Heath and powell

What happened to heath by the end of 1974

he lost ¾ of the last elections

least succesful leader in modern history

Who ran against heath/

Thatcher

What happened to thatcher in 1975?

became leader by accident because MPs were desperate to get rid of heath

What happened in the 1970s?

Keith Joseph emerges with Edward

du Cann as the politicians most associated with

the new right.

Why did joseph not stand a chance for leadership?

like powell because of similar controversial remarks

How did Antony Fischer become a millionaire?

in 1950s by introducing the cheap factory farming of

chickens into the UK from the United

States

What think tank did he find in 1955

Institute of economic affairs