AP US History First Semester Review
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40 Terms
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
Advanced societies like the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas that developed complex political systems, monumental architecture, and innovations.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of crops, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, transforming many societies.
Encomienda system
A Spanish system that forced Native Americans to work under brutal conditions in agriculture and mining.
King Philip’s War (1675-1676)
A deadly conflict between Native alliances led by Metacom and English settlers that decimated indigenous resistance.
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
A pan-Native uprising against British policies leading to the Proclamation of 1763 that limited colonial expansion.
Indian Removal Act (1830)
An act signed by President Andrew Jackson forcing tribes to cede their lands and move west.
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
The forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation resulting in thousands of deaths due to harsh conditions.
Little Bighorn (1876)
A battle also known as 'Custer’s Last Stand,' marking a rare Native victory against U.S. forces.
Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
A violent suppression of the Lakota Sioux during the Ghost Dance Movement, signifying the end of major Native resistance.
Bartolomé de las Casas
A Spanish priest who advocated for Native American rights but promoted African slavery as a 'lesser evil.'
Stono Rebellion (1739)
A rebellion of enslaved Africans in South Carolina aimed at escaping to Spanish Florida, leading to harsher slave codes.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that denied citizenship to African Americans and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
A declaration by Abraham Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate territories, redefining the purpose of the Civil War.
Radical Reconstruction
Federal efforts to rebuild the South including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to secure rights for freedmen.
Exodusters
African Americans who migrated to Kansas seeking freedom and opportunities after the Civil War.
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
An early women's rights convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott demanding equal rights.
Republican Motherhood
The idea that women's primary role was to raise virtuous citizens, confining them to domestic responsibilities.
Mercantilism
An economic policy where colonies exist to benefit the mother country, often restricting trade.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
A proposal to strengthen the federal government through tariffs, a national bank, and assumption of state debts.
Jackson’s national bank dismantling
Andrew Jackson's actions that led to economic instability and were a significant factor in the Panic of 1837.
Pre-Columbian Civilizations
Advanced societies like the Aztecs, Mayas, and Incas that developed complex political systems, monumental architecture, and innovations.
Columbian Exchange
The exchange of crops, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe, transforming many societies.
Encomienda system
A Spanish system that forced Native Americans to work under brutal conditions in agriculture and mining.
King Philip’s War (1675-1676)
A deadly conflict between Native alliances led by Metacom and English settlers that decimated indigenous resistance.
Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)
A pan-Native uprising against British policies leading to the Proclamation of 1763 that limited colonial expansion.
Indian Removal Act (1830)
An act signed by President Andrew Jackson forcing tribes to cede their lands and move west.
Trail of Tears (1838-1839)
The forced relocation of the Cherokee Nation resulting in thousands of deaths due to harsh conditions.
Little Bighorn (1876)
A battle also known as 'Custer’s Last Stand,' marking a rare Native victory against U.S. forces.
Wounded Knee Massacre (1890)
A violent suppression of the Lakota Sioux during the Ghost Dance Movement, signifying the end of major Native resistance.
Bartolomé de las Casas
A Spanish priest who advocated for Native American rights but promoted African slavery as a 'lesser evil.'
Stono Rebellion (1739)
A rebellion of enslaved Africans in South Carolina aimed at escaping to Spanish Florida, leading to harsher slave codes.
Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857)
A Supreme Court decision that denied citizenship to African Americans and declared the Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Emancipation Proclamation (1863)
A declaration by Abraham Lincoln freeing slaves in Confederate territories, redefining the purpose of the Civil War.
Radical Reconstruction
Federal efforts to rebuild the South including the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to secure rights for freedmen.
Exodusters
African Americans who migrated to Kansas seeking freedom and opportunities after the Civil War.
Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
An early women's rights convention organized by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott demanding equal rights.
Republican Motherhood
The idea that women's primary role was to raise virtuous citizens, confining them to domestic responsibilities.
Mercantilism
An economic policy where colonies exist to benefit the mother country, often restricting trade.
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
A proposal to strengthen the federal government through tariffs, a national bank, and assumption of state debts.
Jackson’s national bank dismantling
Andrew Jackson's actions that led to economic instability and were a significant factor in the Panic of 1837.