Component 1: The Physical Environment

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20 Terms

1
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Sedimentary Rocks

Rocks formed by the accumulation and compression of sediments, including chalk and sandstone, predominant in lowland areas of the UK.

2
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Igneous Rocks

Rocks formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava, such as granite and basalt, commonly found in upland regions like the Scottish Highlands.

3
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Metamorphic Rocks

Rocks transformed by heat and pressure, like slate and schist, often found in areas of tectonic uplift and geological upheaval in Wales and Scotland.

4
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Upland Landscapes

Areas characterized by higher elevations, rugged terrain, and the presence of igneous and metamorphic rocks shaped by tectonic processes and erosion.

5
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Lowland Landscapes

Regions with gentle slopes, fertile soils, and sedimentary rocks like sandstone and limestone, shaped by sedimentation and deposition processes.

6
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Plate Tectonics

The movement of Earth's lithosphere plates, influencing landscape formation through processes like mountain uplift and volcanic activity.

7
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Glacial Erosion

The process by which glaciers carve out landscapes, creating features like U-shaped valleys and cirques in upland areas during Ice Ages.

8
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River Erosion

The wearing away of river banks and beds, forming landforms like meanders and oxbow lakes in lowland regions through vertical and lateral erosion.

9
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Coastal Erosion

The gradual wearing away of coastal land by waves and tides, leading to the formation of features like cliffs, beaches, and spits along the coast.

10
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Human Activities

Actions like agriculture, deforestation, and urbanization that reshape landscapes, impacting soil erosion, biodiversity, and the natural environment.

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Climate Variability

Includes phenomena like El Niño and La Niña, impacting weather patterns.

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Human Activities

Actions such as deforestation and excessive water use that affect the environment.

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Water Shortages

Result from factors like climate variability and human activities, leading to scarcity.

14
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Crop Failure

Occurs due to water shortages and other environmental stressors, impacting agriculture.

15
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions

Human-induced release of gases like CO2 and methane, contributing to climate change.

16
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Rising Sea Levels

Result from environmental changes like melting ice caps and thermal expansion, affecting coastlines.

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Health Impacts

Include issues like heat stress and diseases due to environmental changes.

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Mitigation

Strategies like reducing emissions and reforestation to combat climate change.

19
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Tropical Rainforests

Biomes with high biodiversity and warm, wet climates, crucial for ecosystems.

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Deforestation

Threat to tropical rainforests caused by activities like agriculture and logging, impacting biodiversity.