APUSH Period 2 Vocab

John Cabot (2.2)

sailed under Henry VII in 1496, founder of Maryland, a colony which offered religious freedom, and a refuge for the persecuted Roman Catholics.

Joint-stock company (2.2)

when a lot of rich people invest a little money in a company, which decreases the risk, but still allows for gain if it succeeds.

Act of Toleration (2.3)

all Christinas had to tolerate other sections of their religion (ex

Roger Williams (2.3)

Puritan minister, believed that the church and government couldn't control someone's opinions, and he was banished to found the community of Providence.

Anne Hutchinson (2.3)

believed in antinomianism- the idea that you don’t have to follow any rules because you follow your religion, founded Portsmouth.

Halfway Covenant (2.3)

to be a Puritan, people had to have a confirmed religious experience, but, new native-born generations didn;t have that, so they could only be half-members.

Quakers (2.3)

people who believed that religious authority was individual, they supported equality among all men and women,a dn rejected violence/military service. Kicked out of England.

William Penn (2.3)

the gym who led Pennsylvania, who was a Quaker, guaranteed a representative assembly, guaranteed freedom of worship and unlimited immigration, and treated the Native fairly.

Holy Experiment (2.3)

Pennsylvania that was home to Quakers.

Charter of Liberties 1701 (2.3)

guaranteed freedom of religious and unrestricted immigration.

Jamestown (2.3)

the first successful permanent English settlement in North America. It was established on May 14, 1607, in present-day Virginia. The settlement was sponsored by the Virginia Company, a joint-stock company that sought to profit from the colonization of the New World, led by Captain John Smith.

Captain John Smith (2.3)

led Jamestown in surviving through first 5 years

John Rolfe (2.3)

helped Jamestown develop tobacco, which was a profitable crop

Plymouth Colony (2.3)

founded by Pilgrims.

Pilgrims/ Separatist (2.3)

radical dissenters, they wanted to organize a completely different church from Britain.

Mayflower (2.3)

the ship that carried a lot of pilgrims, and separatists that landed off the Massachusetts coast.

Massachusetts Bay Colony (2.3)

founded by a group of moderate puritans

Puritans (2.3)

group of people who believed that the Church of english could not be performed

John Winthrop (2.3)

person who led Puritans and sailed for Massachetss, and founded Boston.

Great Migration (2.3)

some 15,000 people moved to the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of religious and political conflict in England.

Fundamental Orders of CT (2.3)

established a representative government with a legislature elected by popular vote and a governor chosen but that legislator.

Virginia House of Burgesses (2.3)

first representative assembly in America, dominated by elite planters.

Mayflower Compact (2.3)

signed on the Mayflower, pledged to make decisions by the will of the majority.

Corporate colonies (2.3)

for money, operated by joint-stock companies (ex

Royal colonies (2.3)

for kings, under direct authority and rule of the king’s government (ex

Proprietary colonies (2.3)

for individuals, people who were granted charters of ownership by the king would rule here (ex

Virginia Company (2.3)

founded by King James 1, a joint-stock company that founded the first permanent English colony in America at Jamestown in 1607.

Chesapeake colonies (2.3)

Virginia and Maryland because they’re on the Chesapeake bay.

Triangular trade (2.4)

a ship would leave a port in New England carrying rum to West Africa, where rum would be traded for slaves, and then the slaves would be traded for sugarcane in the West Indies and the sugarcane would be made into rum.

Mercantilism (2.4)

the idea that a country’s wealth is decided on how much more it exported then imported.

Navigation Acts (2.4)

mercantilist act. Required ships and crew to be English, the ship to only dock at English parts and certain goods could be exported to England only.

Dominion of New England (2.4)

made up of New York, New Jersey, and New England. This got rid of representative assemblies and made it easier for the king to control.

King Philip's War (2.5)

Wampanog, Metacom was an Native American tribe leader (known to the Europeans as King Philip) who waged war against Europeans because they were encroaching on native land. Allied tribes and the Europeans won.

Sir William Berkley (2.5)

royal government of Virginia, who no one liked because he failed to protect farmers against native american attacks.

Bacon’s Rebellion (2.5)

in response to Berkley’s unfair treatment of farmers, Bacon raided Native American tribes, burned Jamestown, and accused Berkley of not following royal orders.

New England Confederation (2.5)

military alliance between New England colonies (Plymouth, Massachusetts bay, Connecticut, and New Haven), helped with bounty disputes, returning runaway slaves, and Native Americans.

Indentured servants (2.6)

way some people came to Americas, your passage is paid but you have to work for someone for about 7 years

Headright system (2.6)

Virginia attempted to attract immigrants through offers of land.

Middle Passage (2.6)

dangerous passageway between African and Indies where slaves had to cross, lots died. Part of the triangular trade.

Great Awakening (2.7)

a shift to being more emotional in church (sermons) which caused the rise of emotionalism and sections of churches to split.

Sectarian (2.7)

colleges that promote a certain religion.

Subsistence farming (2.7)

producing enough food for just one family, not for money.

Scotch-Irish (2.7)

English-speaking people were Protestants from northern Ireland, hated the British and stayed in mostly the middle colonies.

Social mobility (2.7)

the ability of individuals to move from one social standing to another.

Hereditary aristocracy (2.7)

system of government hereditary bloodlines play no role in deciding governmental positions.

John Peter Zenger (2.7)

was put on trial because he wrote something mean about New York’s royal government, but Hamilton was his lawyer so he won. Established some free speech rights.

Enlightenment (2.7)

a period of intellectual and philosophical fervor in the thirteen American colonies in the 18th to 19th century.

Town meetings (2.7)

local governments where people met to discuss issues, key differences from England.